将输出流以外的两个或多个 Powershell 流重定向到同一文件 [英] Redirect two or more Powershell streams other than output stream to the same file
问题描述
在 Powershell 中，我们可以将标准输出流与任何其他流结合起来，然后将结果重定向(写入)到同一个文件中.
示例:
Powershell -File "C:myscript.ps1" 2>&1>"C:log.txt"Powershell -File "C:myscript.ps1" 3>&2>&1>"C:log.txt"假设我在 myscript.ps1 中使用 Write-Error 和 Write-Warning 语句，并且我只想将错误和警告写入同一个文件.
注意:如果我没记错的话，1 是输出流，2 是错误流，3 是警告流.
我的第一个合乎逻辑的尝试是使用 3>&2> - 如果组合 1 和 2 有效，为什么 3 和 2 不行?见下文:
Powershell -File "C:myscript.ps1" 3>&2>"C:log.txt"但是，3>&2> 不能用作有效的重定向运算符.
我可以尝试:
Powershell -File "C:myscript.ps1" 3>"C:warninglog.txt" 2>"C:errorlog.txt"
但我真的很想写入同一个文件.
如果我尝试运行:
Powershell -File "C:myscript.ps1" 3>"C:log.txt" 2>"C:log.txt"似乎错误流 (2) 从未被写入 log.txt，因为文件已被警告流锁定.
有没有办法将两个(或多个)输出流组合成一个流并将结果重定向到同一个文件?
当您通过
运行 PowerShell 脚本时，详细、警告和调试流将合并到 STDOUT 中powershell -File "C:myscript.ps1"所以你不能再单独重定向它们了.只有错误流不同，因为它似乎同时进入 STDOUT 和 STDERR，在那里它可以被 1> 和 2> 重定向.
演示:
<前>C:>输入 test.ps1$DebugPreference = "继续"$VerbosePreference = "继续"写输出输出消息"写错误错误信息"写详细详细消息"写警告警告信息"写调试调试消息"C:>powershell -File . est.ps1输出消息C: est.ps1:错误信息+ CategoryInfo : NotSpecified: (:) [Write-Error], WriteErrorException+ FullQualifiedErrorId : Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.WriteErrorException,test.ps1VERBOSE:详细信息警告:警告信息DEBUG:调试信息C:>powershell -File . est.ps1 2>nul 3>nul 4>nul 5>nul输出消息VERBOSE:详细信息警告:警告信息DEBUG:调试信息C:>powershell -File . est.ps1 1>nulC:>_如果您想单独重定向详细、警告或调试流，您必须使用 -Command 而不是 -File 并在 PowerShell 中进行重定向:
然而，虽然在 CMD 您可以将任何句柄重定向到任何其他句柄(3>&2、1>&5、...)、PowerShell 重定向 仅支持重定向到任一文件 (3>C:out.txt) 或成功输出流 (3>&1).尝试重定向到任何其他流将引发错误:
将不同的流重定向到同一个文件:
<前>C:>powershell -Command ". est.ps1 2>out.txt 3>>out.txt"out-file : 进程无法访问文件C:out.txt"，因为它正在被另一个进程使用.在行:1 字符:1+ . est.ps1 2>out.txt 3>>out.txt+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ CategoryInfo : OpenError: (:) [Out-File], IOException+ FullQualifiedErrorId : FileOpenFailure,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.OutFileCommand如果您可以选择合并警告和成功输出，您可以执行以下操作:
powershell -Command ". est.ps1 >out.txt 3>&1 2>error.log"或者像这样:
powershell -Command ". est.ps1 >out.txt 3>&1 2>&1"或(重定向所有流)像这样:
powershell -Command ". est.ps1 *>out.txt"否则我看到的唯一选择是重定向到不同的文件:
powershell -Command ". est.ps1 3>warning.log 2>error.log"In Powershell, we can combine the standard output stream with any other stream and then redirect (write) the result to the same file.
Examples:
Powershell -File "C:myscript.ps1" 2>&1> "C:log.txt"
Powershell -File "C:myscript.ps1" 3>&2>&1> "C:log.txt"
Suppose I use Write-Error and Write-Warning statements in myscript.ps1 and I want to write only the errors and the warnings to the same file.
Note: if I am not mistaken, 1 is the output stream, 2 is the error stream and 3 the warning stream.
My first logical try was then to use 3>&2> - if combining 1 and 2 works, why would not 3 and 2 ? See below:
Powershell -File "C:myscript.ps1" 3>&2> "C:log.txt"
However, 3>&2> does not work as a valid redirect operator.
I could get around trying:
Powershell -File "C:myscript.ps1" 3>"C:warninglog.txt" 2>"C:errorlog.txt"
but I really want to write to the same file.
If I try to run:
Powershell -File "C:myscript.ps1" 3>"C:log.txt" 2>"C:log.txt"
it seems the error stream (2) never gets written to log.txt because file is locked by the warning stream.
Is there a way to combine two (or more) output streams into a single stream and redirect the result to the same file ?
The verbose, warning, and debug streams are merged into STDOUT when you run PowerShell scripts via
powershell -File "C:myscript.ps1"
so you can't redirect them separately anymore. Only the error stream is different, since it seems to go to both STDOUT and STDERR, where it can be redirected by 1> as well as 2>.
Demonstration:
C:>type test.ps1
$DebugPreference = "Continue"
$VerbosePreference = "Continue"
Write-Output "Output message"
Write-Error "Error message"
Write-Verbose "Verbose message"
Write-Warning "Warning message"
Write-Debug "Debug message"
C:>powershell -File . est.ps1
Output message
C: est.ps1 : Error message
+ CategoryInfo : NotSpecified: (:) [Write-Error], WriteErrorException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.WriteErrorException,test.ps1
VERBOSE: Verbose message
WARNING: Warning message
DEBUG: Debug message
C:>powershell -File . est.ps1 2>nul 3>nul 4>nul 5>nul
Output message
VERBOSE: Verbose message
WARNING: Warning message
DEBUG: Debug message
C:>powershell -File . est.ps1 1>nul
C:>_
If you want to redirect the verbose, warning, or debug stream separately you must use -Command instead of -File and do the redirection within PowerShell:
C:>powershell -Command ". est.ps1 2>$null 3>$null 5>$null" Output message VERBOSE: Verbose message
However, while in CMD you can redirect any handle to any other handle (3>&2, 1>&5, ...), PowerShell redirection only supports redirection to either a file (3>C:out.txt) or the success output stream (3>&1). Trying to redirect to any other stream will throw an error:
C:>powershell -Command ". est.ps1 2>out.txt 3>&2"
At line:1 char:22
+ . est.ps1 2>out.txt 3>&2
+ ~~~~
The '3>&2' operator is reserved for future use.
+ CategoryInfo : ParserError: (:) [], ParentContainsErrorRecordException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : RedirectionNotSupported
as will redirecting different streams to the same file:
C:>powershell -Command ". est.ps1 2>out.txt 3>>out.txt"
out-file : The process cannot access the file 'C:out.txt' because it is being
used by another process.
At line:1 char:1
+ . est.ps1 2>out.txt 3>>out.txt
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ CategoryInfo : OpenError: (:) [Out-File], IOException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : FileOpenFailure,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.OutFileCommand
If merging warning and success output is an option for you, you could do something like this:
powershell -Command ". est.ps1 >out.txt 3>&1 2>error.log"
or like this:
powershell -Command ". est.ps1 >out.txt 3>&1 2>&1"
or (redirecting all streams) like this:
powershell -Command ". est.ps1 *>out.txt"
Otherwise the only option I see is to redirect to different files:
powershell -Command ". est.ps1 3>warning.log 2>error.log"
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