“用户警告:Matplotlib 当前正在使用 agg，这是一个非 GUI 后端，因此无法显示该图."在 Pycharm 上用 pyplot 绘制图形时 [英] "UserWarning: Matplotlib is currently using agg, which is a non-GUI backend, so cannot show the figure." when plotting figure with pyplot on Pycharm

问题描述

我正在尝试使用 pyplot 绘制一个简单的图形，例如:

I am trying to plot a simple graph using pyplot, e.g.:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.plot([1,2,3],[5,7,4])
plt.show()

但该图没有出现，我收到以下消息:

but the figure does not appear and I get the following message:

UserWarning: Matplotlib is currently using agg, which is a non-GUI backend, so cannot show the figure.

我在几个地方看到必须使用以下命令更改 matplotlib 的配置:

I saw in several places that one had to change the configuration of matplotlib using the following:

import matplotlib
matplotlib.use('TkAgg')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

我这样做了，但随后收到一条错误消息，因为它找不到模块:

I did this, but then got an error message because it cannot find a module:

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'tkinter'

然后，我尝试使用 pip install tkinter 安装tkinter"(在虚拟环境中)，但没有找到:

Then, I tried to install "tkinter" using pip install tkinter (inside the virtual environment), but it does not find it:

Collecting tkinter
  Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement tkinter (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for tkinter

我还应该提到，我使用虚拟环境在 Pycharm 社区版 IDE 上运行所有这些，并且我的操作系统是 Linux/Ubuntu 18.04.

I should also mention that I am running all this on Pycharm Community Edition IDE using a virtual environment, and that my operating system is Linux/Ubuntu 18.04.

我想知道如何解决这个问题以便能够显示图表.

推荐答案

解决方案一:安装GUI后端tk

我找到了解决问题的方法(感谢 ImportanceOfBeingErnest 的帮助).

我所要做的就是使用以下命令通过 Linux bash 终端安装 tkinter:

All I had to do was to install tkinter through the Linux bash terminal using the following command:

sudo apt-get install python3-tk

而不是使用 pip 或直接在 Pycharm 的虚拟环境中安装.

instead of installing it with pip or directly in the virtual environment in Pycharm.

• 解决方案 1 可以正常工作，因为您有一个 GUI 后端...在这种情况下是 TkAgg
• 不过，您也可以通过安装任何 matplolib GUI 后端(如 Qt5Agg、GTKAgg、Qt4Agg 等)来解决此问题
  • 例如 pip install pyqt5 也会解决这个问题
  • solution 1 works fine because you get a GUI backend... in this case the TkAgg
  • however you can also fix the issue by installing any of the matplolib GUI backends like Qt5Agg, GTKAgg, Qt4Agg, etc
    • for example pip install pyqt5 will fix the issue also

    注意:

    • 通常当您 pip install matplotlib 并且您尝试在 GUI 窗口中显示绘图并且您没有用于 GUI 显示的 python 模块时会出现此错误.
    • matplotlib 的作者使 pypi 软件部门不依赖任何 GUI 后端，因为有些人需要 matplotlib 没有任何 GUI 后端.
    • usually this error appears when you pip install matplotlib and you are trying to display a plot in a GUI window and you do not have a python module for GUI display.
    • The authors of matplotlib made the pypi software deps not depend on any GUI backend because some people need matplotlib without any GUI backend.

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