如何在C中链接多个实现文件 [英] How to link multiple implementation files in C
问题描述
我有许多 .c 文件，即实现文件说
I have a number of .c files, i.e. the implementation files say
- main.c
- 交流
- B.c
任何文件中的函数都可以调用不同文件中的任何函数.我的问题是，我是否需要一个 .h 即 A 和 B 的每个实现的头文件，其中每个头文件都定义了 A 或 B 中的 ALL 函数.
Where functions from any of the files can call any function from a different files. My question being, do I need a .h i.e. header file for each of A and B's implementation where each header file has the definition of ALL the functions in A or B.
另外，main.c 中会同时包含 A.h 和 B.h #included 吗?
Also, main.c will have both A.h and B.h #included in it?
如果有人终于可以说清楚，还有，我以后如何在终端中编译和运行多个文件.
If someone can finally make it clear, also, how do I later compile and run the multiple files in the terminal.
谢谢.
推荐答案
标题内容
A.c 的标头 A.h 应该只包含使用 A.c 中定义的工具的外部代码所必需的信息.它不应该声明静态函数；它不应该声明静态变量；它不应声明内部类型(仅在 A.c 中使用的类型).它应该确保文件可以只使用#include "A.h"，然后充分利用A.c 发布的功能.它应该是独立的、幂等的(因此您可以包含它两次而不会出现任何编译错误)并且最小化.您可以通过将 #include "A.h" 作为 A.c 中的第一行 #include 来简单地检查标头是否是独立的；您可以通过两次包含它来检查它是否是幂等的(但最好作为单独的测试完成).如果它不编译，它就不是自包含的.B.h 和 B.c 也是如此.
Header contents
The header A.h for A.c should only contain the information that is necessary for external code that uses the facilities defined in A.c. It should not declare static functions; it should not declare static variables; it should not declare internal types (types used only in A.c). It should ensure that a file can use just #include "A.h" and then make full use of the facilities published by A.c. It should be self-contained, idempotent (so you can include it twice without any compilation errors) and minimal. You can simply check that the header is self-contained by writing #include "A.h" as the first #include line in A.c; you can check that it is idempotent by including it twice (but that's better done as a separate test). If it doesn't compile, it is not self-contained. Similarly for B.h and B.c.
有关标头和标准的更多信息，请参阅'我应该使用#include in headers?'，它引用了 NASA 编码标准，以及 '链接到静态库'，其中包含一个脚本chkhdr，我用它来测试自包含性和幂等性.
For more information on headers and standards, see 'Should I use #include in headers?', which references a NASA coding standard, and 'Linking against a static library', which includes a script chkhdr that I use for testing self-containment and idempotency.
注意main.o依赖于main.c、Ah和Bh，但是main.c 本身不依赖于头文件.
Note that main.o depends on main.c, A.h and B.h, but main.c itself does not depend on the headers.
说到编译，你可以使用:
When it comes to compilation, you can use:
gcc -o program main.c A.c B.c
如果您需要其他选项，请添加它们(开头的大多数标志；最后的库，在源代码之后).您也可以将每个文件分别编译为目标代码，然后将目标文件链接在一起:
If you need other options, add them (most flags at the start; libraries at the end, after the source code). You can also compile each file to object code separately and then link the object files together:
gcc -c main.c
gcc -c A.c
gcc -c B.c
gcc -o program main.o A.o B.o
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