什么是操作系统内核?它与操作系统有何不同? [英] What is an OS kernel ? How does it differ from an operating system?

问题描述

我无法理解内核和操作系统之间的区别.我看不出它们之间有什么区别.内核是操作系统吗?

I am not able to understand the difference between a kernel and an operating system. I do not see any difference between them. Is the kernel an operating system?

推荐答案

操作系统的技术定义是由一组特定的库和基础设施组成的平台，用于构建应用程序并相互交互".从这个意义上说，内核就是一个操作系统.

The technical definition of an operating system is "a platform that consists of specific set of libraries and infrastructure for applications to be built upon and interact with each other". A kernel is an operating system in that sense.

最终用户的定义通常围绕提供桌面、应用程序快捷方式、网络浏览器和媒体播放器的软件包".内核与该定义不匹配.

The end-user definition is usually something around "a software package that provides a desktop, shortcuts to applications, a web browser and a media player". A kernel doesn't match that definition.

因此，对于最终用户而言，Linux 发行版(例如 Ubuntu)是一个操作系统，而对于程序员而言，Linux 内核本身是一个完全有效的操作系统，具体取决于您要实现的目标.例如，嵌入式系统大多只是内核，在它们之上运行着非常少量的专用进程.在这种情况下，内核本身就变成了操作系统本身.

So for an end-user a Linux distribution (say Ubuntu) is an Operating System while for a programmer the Linux kernel itself is a perfectly valid OS depending on what you're trying to achieve. For instance embedded systems are mostly just kernel with very small number of specialized processes running on top of them. In that case the kernel itself becomes the OS itself.

我认为您可以划清在该操作系统之上运行的大多数应用程序确实需要什么.如果它们中的大多数只需要内核，那么内核就是操作系统，如果它们中的大多数都需要运行 X Window System，那么您的操作系统就变成了 X + 内核.

I think you can draw the line at what the majority of the applications running on top of that OS do require. If most of them require only kernel, the kernel is the OS, if most of them require X Window System running, then your OS becomes X + kernel.

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