Linux 上的分段错误是什么? [英] What is a segmentation fault on Linux?

问题描述

在 Linux 中:

什么是分段错误?我知道它会使程序崩溃，但这是某种内存泄漏问题，还是完全不相关的问题?还有，你是怎么处理这些的?这通常是计算机设置的问题，还是应用程序本身的问题?

What is a segmentation fault? I know it crashes programs, but is that some sort of memory leak problem, or something completely unrelated? Also, how do you deal with these? Is this typically a problem with the computer set-up, or within the application itself?

另外，其他操作系统也会出现这种情况吗?

Also, does this happen in other OS's as well?

推荐答案

当您的程序尝试访问未被操作系统分配或不允许访问的内存时，就会出现分段错误.

A segmentation fault is when your program attempts to access memory it has either not been assigned by the operating system, or is otherwise not allowed to access.

分段"是指计算机上的每个进程都有自己独特的虚拟地址空间.因此，当进程 A 读取内存位置 0x877 时，与进程 B 读取自己的 0x877 时相比，它读取驻留在 RAM 中不同物理位置的信息.

"segmentation" is the concept of each process on your computer having its own distinct virtual address space. Thus, when Process A reads memory location 0x877, it reads information residing at a different physical location in RAM than when Process B reads its own 0x877.

所有现代操作系统都支持和使用分段，因此都可能产生分段错误.

All modern operating systems support and use segmentation, and so all can produce a segmentation fault.

要处理分段错误，请修复导致它的代码.它通常表示编程不佳，尤其是边界条件错误、不正确的指针操作或对共享库的无效假设.有时段错误和任何问题一样，可能是由硬件故障引起的，但通常情况并非如此.

To deal with a segmentation fault, fix the code causing it. It is generally indicative of poor programming, especially boundary-condition errors, incorrect pointer manipulation, or invalid assumptions about shared libraries. Sometimes segfaults, like any problem, may be caused by faulty hardware, but this is usually not the case.

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