无法从 Jenkins CI 启动浏览器 [英] Unable to start browser from Jenkins CI

问题描述

在从 Jenkins 构建后通过调用 rake 任务触发黄瓜测试时，我无法在 CI 服务器(在我的情况下为 Linux 上的本地主机)上启动浏览器.Jenkins 控制台日志如下.我很确定一切都设置正确，因为我可以通过命令行在服务器上成功运行它.

I am unable to start the browser on the CI server (localhost on Linux in my case) when triggering a cucumber test via invoking a rake task after build from Jenkins. Jenkins console log is as below. I am pretty sure everything is set up properly, as I can run it successfully on the server via command line.

01:26:43 [cucumber] $ /usr/local/rvm/scripts/gems/ruby-2.3.0/bin/rake schedule_win_job:features --trace

01:26:43 ** Invoke schedule_win_job:features (first_time)

01:26:43 ** Execute schedule_win_job:features

01:26:43 /usr/local/rvm/scripts/rubies/ruby-2.3.0/bin/ruby -S bundle exec cucumber --tag @schedule_job --profile dev

**01:27:45 unable to obtain stable firefox connection in 60 seconds (127.0.0.1:7055) (Selenium::WebDriver::Error::WebDriverError)**

01:27:45 /usr/local/rvm/scripts/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/selenium-webdriver-2.53.0/lib/selenium/webdriver/firefox/launcher.rb:90:in `connect_until_stable'

01:27:45 /usr/local/rvm/scripts/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/selenium-webdriver-2.53.0/lib/selenium/webdriver/firefox/launcher.rb:55:in `block in launch'

01:27:45 /usr/local/rvm/scripts/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/selenium-webdriver-2.53.0/lib/selenium/webdriver/common/socket_lock.rb:43:in `locked'

01:27:45 /usr/local/rvm/scripts/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/selenium-webdriver-2.53.0/lib/selenium/webdriver/firefox/launcher.rb:51:in `launch'

01:27:45 /usr/local/rvm/scripts/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/selenium-webdriver-2.53.0/lib/selenium/webdriver/firefox/bridge.rb:43:in `initialize'

01:27:45 /usr/local/rvm/scripts/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/selenium-webdriver-2.53.0/lib/selenium/webdriver/common/driver.rb:53:in `new'

01:27:45 /usr/local/rvm/scripts/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/selenium-webdriver-2.53.0/lib/selenium/webdriver/common/driver.rb:53:in `for'

01:27:45 /usr/local/rvm/scripts/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/selenium-webdriver-2.53.0/lib/selenium/webdriver.rb:84:in `for'

01:27:45 /usr/local/rvm/scripts/gems/ruby-2.3.0/gems/watir-webdriver-0.9.1/lib/watir-webdriver/browser.rb:46:in `initialize'

推荐答案

事实证明 Jenkins 用户的帐户性质不允许它在 Jenkins 服务器中运行 GUI 测试.

It turns out the account nature of Jenkins user does not allow it to run GUI tests within the Jenkins server.

Firefox 是一个 GUI 应用程序，它需要连接到 X 服务器以发送它的命令来绘制窗口等.通常 Jenkins 被设置为作为后台系统守护进程运行，它无法访问任何 X 服务器会话.

Firefox is a GUI application and it needs to connect to an X server to send its commands to draw windows and such. Usually Jenkins is set up to run as a background system daemon that has no access to any X server session.

这是尝试使用 shell 命令/usr/bin/firefox 在 Jenkins 构建中启动 firefox 时出现以下错误的原因.

This is the reason for below error when trying to launch firefox in a Jenkins build using shell command /usr/bin/firefox.

未指定协议

XDG_RUNTIME_DIR 未在环境中设置

错误:无法打开显示:0

因此一个可能的解决方案是使用 pkexec 命令以 root 权限触发测试(可以将 Jenkins 用户添加到 sudo 组，以便它可以成功运行命令，但出于安全考虑不推荐，我试过它没有用).

Hence a possible solution would be to use pkexec command to trigger the test with root privilege (it might be possible to add the Jenkins user to the sudo group such that it can run the commands successfully, but not recommended due to security concern, and I tried it didn't work).

要使用 pkexec 实现完全自动化，还需要一些其他设置，例如禁用身份验证提示.一旦我准备好逐步解决方案，我将更新更详细的答案.

To achieve full automation with pkexec needs some other settings, e.g. disable authentication prompts. I will update with a more detailed answer once I have the step-wise solution ready.

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