QML 不获取从 PyQt 插槽接收到的对象的所有权 [英] QML not taking ownership of object received from PyQt slot

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本文介绍了QML 不获取从 PyQt 插槽接收到的对象的所有权的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧！

问题描述

从 QML 调用 Python 函数的正确方法是什么，该函数将实例化一个对象并将其返回给 QML，并让 QML 方负责对象的生命周期?我面临的问题是对象在到达 QML 之前就被垃圾收集了.

What is the correct way to call a Python function from QML that will instantiate and return an object to QML, and have QML side be responsible for the lifetime of the object? The problem I'm facing is that object gets garbage collected before it even reaches QML.

请注意，我不想在 Python 端保留对对象的显式引用，并根据 文档 我正在寻找的甚至应该是默认行为:

Note that I don't want to keep explicit references to the object on the Python side, and according to the following quote from the documentation what I'm looking for should even be the default behavior:

当数据从 C++ 传输到 QML 时，数据的所有权始终使用 C++.这个规则的例外是当一个 QObject从显式 C++ 方法调用返回:在这种情况下，QML引擎假定对象的所有权...

When data is transferred from C++ to QML, the ownership of the data always remains with C++. The exception to this rule is when a QObject is returned from an explicit C++ method call: in this case, the QML engine assumes ownership of the object...

我创建了一个最小的可运行示例来演示该问题(gist 链接):

I have created a minimal runnable example that demonstrates the problem (gist link):

main.py:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import os
import sys
import signal
from PyQt5.QtGui import QGuiApplication
from PyQt5.QtQuick import QQuickView
from PyQt5.QtCore import QUrl, QObject, QVariant, pyqtSlot
from PyQt5.QtQml import QQmlEngine, qmlRegisterType


class Dummy(QObject):

    def __del__(self):
        print("Deleted")


class GUIEntryPoint(QObject):

    @pyqtSlot(result=QVariant)
    def get_foo(self):
        foo = Dummy()
        print("Created {}".format(foo))
        print("Ownership after instantiation: {}".format(QQmlEngine.objectOwnership(foo)))
        #QQmlEngine.setObjectOwnership(foo, 1)  # has no effect
        return foo

    @pyqtSlot(QVariant)
    def print_foo(self, foo):
        print("{}, ownership: {}".format(foo, QQmlEngine.objectOwnership(foo)))


def run():
    signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal.SIG_DFL)

    app = QGuiApplication(sys.argv)

    # these don't seem to make a difference
    qmlRegisterType(GUIEntryPoint, 'GUIEntryPoint', 1, 0, 'GUIEntryPoint')
    qmlRegisterType(Dummy, 'Dummy', 1, 0, 'Dummy')

    qml_url = QUrl.fromLocalFile(os.path.join('zzz.qml'))
    view = QQuickView()

    gep = GUIEntryPoint()
    view.rootContext().setContextProperty('BE', gep)
    view.setSource(qml_url)

    view.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())


if __name__ == '__main__':
    run()

zzz.qml:

import QtQuick 2.2


Rectangle {
    id: rootItem
    width: 640
    height: 400

    property var pleaseKeepMe: BE.get_foo()

    Component.onCompleted: {
        console.log("Completed");

        BE.print_foo(pleaseKeepMe);  // prints None, it has been deleted

        console.log("creating another");
        var x = BE.get_foo();
        // at this point x has already been deleted on the Python side
        console.log("created another");
        BE.print_foo(x);  // prints None

        console.log("

Press CTRL-C to exit");
    }
}

推荐答案

简而言之:使用 SIP Python API 将所有权转移到 C++，同时保持 QObject 的 Python部分"存活，看似解决了问题，这确实是所有权一，如所涵盖的(另请参阅下面来源中的评论):

In short: using SIP Python API to transfer ownership to C++ while keeping the Python "part" of a QObject alive seemingly solves the issue, which is indeed an ownership one, as covered at (also see the comments in sources below):

关于 SIP API，请参阅:

On SIP API, see:

另外，一些不错的一般建议位于:

Also, some nice general advice is at:

问题中的一个稍微修改的示例，Python 源代码:

A slightly modified example from the question, Python source:

from PyQt5.QtGui import QGuiApplication
from PyQt5.QtQuick import QQuickView
from PyQt5.QtCore import QUrl, QObject, QVariant, pyqtSlot
from PyQt5.QtQml import QQmlEngine, qmlRegisterType
import sip

def ownership(obj):
    jsOwned = QQmlEngine.objectOwnership(obj) == QQmlEngine.JavaScriptOwnership
    return "Javascript" if jsOwned else "Cpp"  

def onDummytDestroyed():
    print "Dummy destroyed"

class Dummy(QObject):

    i = 0

    def __init__(self):
        #let's not forget to properly initialize the base part
        super(Dummy, self).__init__()
        self.i = Dummy.i
        Dummy.i = Dummy.i + 1

    def __del__(self):
        #let's track when the Python part gets destroyed 
        #  (or, rather, "finalized", or whatever the correct term is :) )
        print "Dummy.__del__(), self.i:", self.i

    @pyqtSlot(result="QString")
    def get_str(self):
        #let's have a Python (not C++) implemented method in the class
        return "Dummy string #" + str(self.i)

class GUIEntryPoint(QObject):

    def __init__(self):
        #same as with Dummy.__init__
        super(GUIEntryPoint, self).__init__()

    @pyqtSlot(result=QVariant) #would also work
    #@pyqtSlot(result=QObject)
    def get_foo(self):
        print "GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():"
        foo = Dummy()
        foo.setObjectName("Foo")

        #let's track when the C++ part gets destroyed
        foo.destroyed.connect(onDummytDestroyed)

        #this would destroy the Python part of foo as soon as the reference
        #goes out of scope (the C++ part stay alive and will be properly accessible from QML,
        #but attempts to access Python-implemented methods like Dummy.get_str()
        #would cause a TypeError hinting that there is no such method) 
        #sip.transferto(foo, None)

        #this works as expected, with both Python (and then C++) parts of foo
        #being destroyed whenever the QML GC decides to get rid of the object
        #(see program output, notice how GC is silent for a while)  
        sip.transferto(foo, foo)

        #this is indeed not needed, as proper ownership will be set
        #when the object passes to the QML land through the slot invocation
        #QQmlEngine.setObjectOwnership(foo, QQmlEngine.JavaScriptOwnership)
        print "    initial ownership: ", ownership(foo)

        return foo

    @pyqtSlot(QObject) #would also work
    #@pyqtSlot(QVariant) 
    def print_foo(self, foo):
        print "GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():"
        print "    objectName: ", foo.objectName()
        print "    ownership when on QML side: ", ownership(foo)

app = QGuiApplication([])
view = QQuickView()

#not needed, indeed, as both context objects (and properties),
#and QObject descendants passed to QML side are perfectly accessible
#(that is, their properties and invokables / slots are) 
#without any additional steps
#(instantiating types declaratively would require registering them first, though,
#and having properties of custom types requires metatypes to be declared)
#qmlRegisterType(GUIEntryPoint, 'GUIEntryPoint', 1, 0, 'GUIEntryPoint')
#qmlRegisterType(Dummy, 'Dummy', 1, 0, 'Dummy')

gep = GUIEntryPoint()
view.rootContext().setContextProperty('BE', gep)

view.setSource(QUrl.fromLocalFile("pyqt-ownership-test.qml"))
view.show()

app.exec_()

QML 源码(另存为 pyqt-ownership-test.py):

QML source (save as pyqt-ownership-test.py):

import QtQuick 2.1

Rectangle {
    width: 300
    height: 200
    color: "red"
    border.width: 10

    Component.onCompleted: {
        console.log("Component.onCompleted():")

        //increase the number to 1000 to see GC stepping in
        //while the loop is still running
        //(notice how destruction is not being reported for some objects,
        //for example, #249 (the one created last),
        //but this looks like a Qt/QML logging issue)
        for (var i = 0; i < 250; i++) {
            console.log("#" + i)
            var foo = BE.get_foo()

            console.log("    foo: " + foo)
            console.log("    foo.objectName: " + foo.objectName)
            console.log("    foo.get_str(): " + foo.get_str())

            console.log("    print_foo():")
            BE.print_foo(foo)
        }
    }
}

程序输出(在中间剥离以适应 SO 答案大小限制):

Program output (stripped in the middle to accomodate SO answer size limit):

Component.onCompleted():
#0
GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():
    initial ownership:  Cpp
    foo: Dummy(0x22903d0, "Foo")
    foo.objectName: Foo
    foo.get_str(): Dummy string #0
    print_foo():
GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():
    objectName:  Foo
    ownership when on QML side:  Javascript
#1
GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():
    initial ownership:  Cpp
    foo: Dummy(0x2290d20, "Foo")
    foo.objectName: Foo
    foo.get_str(): Dummy string #1
    print_foo():
GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():
    objectName:  Foo
    ownership when on QML side:  Javascript
#2
GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():
    initial ownership:  Cpp
    foo: Dummy(0x2291080, "Foo")
    foo.objectName: Foo
    foo.get_str(): Dummy string #2
    print_foo():
GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():
    objectName:  Foo
    ownership when on QML side:  Javascript
#3
GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():
    initial ownership:  Cpp
    foo: Dummy(0x22911e0, "Foo")
    foo.objectName: Foo
    foo.get_str(): Dummy string #3
    print_foo():
GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():
    objectName:  Foo
    ownership when on QML side:  Javascript
#4
GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():
    initial ownership:  Cpp
    foo: Dummy(0x2291e90, "Foo")
    foo.objectName: Foo
    foo.get_str(): Dummy string #4
    print_foo():
GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():
    objectName:  Foo
    ownership when on QML side:  Javascript
#5
GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():
    initial ownership:  Cpp
    foo: Dummy(0x2292b70, "Foo")
    foo.objectName: Foo
    foo.get_str(): Dummy string #5
    print_foo():
GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():
    objectName:  Foo
    ownership when on QML side:  Javascript
#6
GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():
    initial ownership:  Cpp
    foo: Dummy(0x2293420, "Foo")
    foo.objectName: Foo
    foo.get_str(): Dummy string #6
    print_foo():
GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():
    objectName:  Foo
    ownership when on QML side:  Javascript
#7
GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():
    initial ownership:  Cpp
    foo: Dummy(0x2296e30, "Foo")
    foo.objectName: Foo
    foo.get_str(): Dummy string #7
    print_foo():
GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():
    objectName:  Foo
    ownership when on QML side:  Javascript
#8
GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():
    initial ownership:  Cpp
    foo: Dummy(0x22983b0, "Foo")
    foo.objectName: Foo
    foo.get_str(): Dummy string #8
    print_foo():
GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():
    objectName:  Foo
    ownership when on QML side:  Javascript
#9
GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():
    initial ownership:  Cpp
    foo: Dummy(0x2299150, "Foo")
    foo.objectName: Foo
    foo.get_str(): Dummy string #9
    print_foo():
GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():
    objectName:  Foo
    ownership when on QML side:  Javascript
#10
GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():
    initial ownership:  Cpp
    foo: Dummy(0x2299e60, "Foo")
    foo.objectName: Foo
    foo.get_str(): Dummy string #10
    print_foo():
GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():
    objectName:  Foo
    ownership when on QML side:  Javascript
#11
GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():
    initial ownership:  Cpp
    foo: Dummy(0x229ab70, "Foo")
    foo.objectName: Foo
    foo.get_str(): Dummy string #11
    print_foo():
GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():
    objectName:  Foo
    ownership when on QML side:  Javascript

<...some lines skipped here...>

#245
GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():
    initial ownership:  Cpp
    foo: Dummy(0x23007b0, "Foo")
    foo.objectName: Foo
    foo.get_str(): Dummy string #245
    print_foo():
GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():
    objectName:  Foo
    ownership when on QML side:  Javascript
#246
GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():
    initial ownership:  Cpp
    foo: Dummy(0x22fe4d0, "Foo")
    foo.objectName: Foo
    foo.get_str(): Dummy string #246
    print_foo():
GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():
    objectName:  Foo
    ownership when on QML side:  Javascript
#247
GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():
    initial ownership:  Cpp
    foo: Dummy(0x22fc5c0, "Foo")
    foo.objectName: Foo
    foo.get_str(): Dummy string #247
    print_foo():
GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():
    objectName:  Foo
    ownership when on QML side:  Javascript
#248
GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():
    initial ownership:  Cpp
    foo: Dummy(0x22fa730, "Foo")
    foo.objectName: Foo
    foo.get_str(): Dummy string #248
    print_foo():
GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():
    objectName:  Foo
    ownership when on QML side:  Javascript
#249
GUIEntryPoint.get_foo():
    initial ownership:  Cpp
    foo: Dummy(0x22f57b0, "Foo")
    foo.objectName: Foo
    foo.get_str(): Dummy string #249
    print_foo():
GUIEntryPoint.print_foo():
    objectName:  Foo
    ownership when on QML side:  Javascript
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 214
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 213
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 212
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 211
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 210
Dummy destroyed
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Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 21
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 20
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 19
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 18
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 17
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 16
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 15
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 14
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 13
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 12
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 11
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 10
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 9
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 8
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 7
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 6
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 5
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 4
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 3
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 2
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 1
Dummy destroyed
Dummy.__del__(), self.i: 0
Dummy destroyed

这篇关于QML 不获取从 PyQt 插槽接收到的对象的所有权的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！

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