“打印"的时间和原因是什么?需要两次尝试打印“data.table"? [英] When and why does "print" need two attempts to print a "data.table"?

问题描述

有时 print 需要两次尝试打印 data.table:

Sometimes print needs two attempts to print a data.table:

> library(data.table)
> 
> rm(list=ls())
> 
> Tbl <- fread( input = "Nr; Value
+                        Nr 1;46.73
+                        Nr 2;49.02
+                        Nr 3;50.62
+                        Nr 4;49.80
+                        Nr 5;50.15",
+               sep    = ";",
+               header = TRUE,
+               colClasses = c("character","numeric") )
> print(Tbl)
     Nr Value
1: Nr 1 46.73
2: Nr 2 49.02
3: Nr 3 50.62
4: Nr 4 49.80
5: Nr 5 50.15
> Tbl <- Tbl[, Nr := as.numeric( gsub( "Nr ", "", Tbl$Nr ))]
> print(Tbl)
> print(Tbl)
   Nr Value
1:  1 46.73
2:  2 49.02
3:  3 50.62
4:  4 49.80
5:  5 50.15
> 

不是data.frame:

> rm(list=ls())
> 
> DF <- read.table( text = "Nr; Value
+                           Nr 1;46.73
+                           Nr 2;49.02
+                           Nr 3;50.62
+                           Nr 4;49.80
+                           Nr 5;50.15",
+                   sep    = ";",
+                   header = TRUE,
+                   colClasses = c("character","numeric"))
> 
> DF$Nr <- as.numeric( gsub( "Nr ", "", DF$Nr ))
> print(DF)
  Nr Value
1  1 46.73
2  2 49.02
3  3 50.62
4  4 49.80
5  5 50.15
> 

如果代码包含在脚本文件中，则立即打印 data.table:

If the code is contained in a script file, the data.table is printed immediately:

> source(path_to_Script_1,echo=TRUE,prompt.echo="(script)   ",max.deparse.length=500)

(script)   library(data.table)

(script)   rm(list=ls())

(script)   Tbl <- fread( input = "Nr; Value
+                        Nr 1;46.73
+                        Nr 2;49.02
+                        Nr 3;50.62
+                        Nr 4;49.80
+                        Nr 5;50.15",
+               sep    = ";",
+               header = TRUE,
+               colClasses = c("character","numeric") )

(script)   Tbl <- Tbl[, Nr := as.numeric( gsub( "Nr ", "", Tbl$Nr ))]

(script)   print(Tbl)
   Nr Value
1:  1 46.73
2:  2 49.02
3:  3 50.62
4:  4 49.80
5:  5 50.15
> 

但如果 print(Tbl) 从脚本文件中省略，控制台上的 print 再次需要两次尝试:

But if print(Tbl) is omitted from the script file, print on the console again needs two attempts:

> source(path_to_Script_2,echo=TRUE,prompt.echo="(script)   ",max.deparse.length=500)

(script)   library(data.table)

(script)   rm(list=ls())

(script)   Tbl <- fread( input = "Nr; Value
+                        Nr 1;46.73
+                        Nr 2;49.02
+                        Nr 3;50.62
+                        Nr 4;49.80
+                        Nr 5;50.15",
+               sep    = ";",
+               header = TRUE,
+               colClasses = c("character","numeric") )

(script)   Tbl <- Tbl[, Nr := as.numeric( gsub( "Nr ", "", Tbl$Nr ))]
> print(Tbl)
> print(Tbl)
   Nr Value
1:  1 46.73
2:  2 49.02
3:  3 50.62
4:  4 49.80
5:  5 50.15
> 

谁能告诉我什么时候以及为什么 print 需要两次尝试?我正在使用 R 版本 3.2.2:

Can anybody tell me when ans why print needs two attempts? I'm using R version 3.2.2:

> R.version
               _                           
platform       x86_64-w64-mingw32          
arch           x86_64                      
os             mingw32                     
system         x86_64, mingw32             
status                                     
major          3                           
minor          2.2                         
year           2015                        
month          08                          
day            14                          
svn rev        69053                       
language       R                           
version.string R version 3.2.2 (2015-08-14)
nickname       Fire Safety   

操作系统是Windows 7.

Operating system is Windows 7.

推荐答案

引用NEWS (1. 1.9.6版本的bug修复):

Quoting the NEWS (1. bug fix in version 1.9.6):

if (TRUE) DT[,LHS:=RHS] 不再打印，#869 和 #1122.添加了测试.为了让它工作，我们不得不忍受一个缺点:如果 := 是在函数结束前没有 DT[] 的函数内部使用，那么下次在提示符下键入 DT 或 print(DT) 时，什么也没有将被打印.将打印重复的 DT 或 print(DT).为了避免这种情况:在函数的最后一个 := 之后包含一个 DT[].如果那不是可能(例如，它不是您可以更改的功能)然后 DT[] 在prompt 保证打印出来.

if (TRUE) DT[,LHS:=RHS] no longer prints, #869 and #1122. Tests added. To get this to work we've had to live with one downside: if a := is used inside a function with no DT[] before the end of the function, then the next time DT or print(DT) is typed at the prompt, nothing will be printed. A repeated DT or print(DT) will print. To avoid this: include a DT[] after the last := in your function. If that is not possible (e.g., it's not a function you can change) then DT[] at the prompt is guaranteed to print.

<- 是一个函数.当然，你根本不应该在那里使用 <- .它创建了一个不必要的副本(因为 := 修改了 data.table 列)，因此效率低下.

<- is a function. Of course, you shouldn't use <- there at all. It creates an unnecessary copy (since := modifies the data.table column in place) and is therefore inefficient.

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