如何在不小于或大于周长的情况下绘制圆的半径 [英] How to draw the radius of a circle without it being shorter or larger than the circumference

问题描述

我正在开发一个程序，我想在其中画一条从圆心到其参数点的线.但它在圆周外和内圆周上画线.我想根据 X 和 Y 角度在圆周上精确地画线.

圆中心点:

x = 200y = 100半径= 100

public SecondActivity(String azim,String ele) {初始化();设置标题(我的窗口")；`angle_x = Integer.parseInt(azim);angle_y = Integer.parseInt(ele);x = 200+r*Math.cos(angle_x);y = 100+r*Math.sin(angle_y);}公共无效油漆(图形g){super.paint(g);drawCircle(g,200,100,r);画线(g)；}公共无效drawCircle(图形g，int x，int y，int r){g.setColor(Color.BLACK);g.drawOval(x, y, r*2,r*2);}公共无效drawLine(图形g){Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g;g2d.setColor(Color.BLUE);g2d.draw(new Line2D.Double(300.0d,200.0d,x,y));}

解决方案

您的代码(和逻辑)中有几个错误:

1. 您使用 2 个角度来计算 X 和 Y 坐标，因此会得到奇怪的结果.根据这个

2. 您使用的角度是度数，但 Math.cos(angle) 和 Math.sin(angle) 要求 angle 以弧度表示，因此，您必须将角度转换为弧度，如 Math.roRadians(angle)，如以下问题所示:

   I am working on a program in which I want to draw a line from circle's center to its parametric point. But it draws line out of circumference and inside circumference. I want to draw line exactly on circumference according to X and Y angles.

   Circle center points:

   x = 200
   y = 100
   radius= 100
   

   public SecondActivity(String azim,String ele) {
       initialize();
       setTitle("My WIndow");`
   
       angle_x = Integer.parseInt(azim);
       angle_y = Integer.parseInt(ele);
   
       x = 200+r*Math.cos(angle_x);
       y = 100+r*Math.sin(angle_y);      
   }
   
   public void paint(Graphics g) {
       super.paint(g);
   
       drawCircle(g,200,100,r);
       drawLine(g);
   }
   
   public void drawCircle(Graphics g,int x,int y,int r) {
       g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
       g.drawOval(x, y, r*2,r*2);
   }
   public void drawLine(Graphics g) {
       Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g;    
       g2d.setColor(Color.BLUE);
       g2d.draw(new Line2D.Double(300.0d,200.0d,x,y));
   }
   

   解决方案

   You have a couple of errors in your code (and logic):

   1. You're using 2 angles to calculate the X and Y coords, thus, giving you weird results. As per this Wikipedia image the angle theta is the same for bot coords.

   2. You're using the angle in degrees, but Math.cos(angle) and Math.sin(angle) require that the angle is given in radians, so, you must convert the angles to radians as like Math.roRadians(angle), as shown in this question: How to use Math.cos() & Math.sin()?

   3. Not really an error but a suggestion from @MadProgrammer in this other answer of mine to use the Shape API instead of pure .drawOval as you did while drawing the line, change drawOval to draw(new Ellipse2D.Double(...)).

   4. You're overriding paint(Graphics g) method instead of paintComponent(Graphics g) this could cause some issues while painting. Use JPanels and override their paintComponent method and add those JPanels to your JFrame.

   Having said all of the above, I came to a good example that follows the above advises as well as solving the issue:

   import java.awt.Color;
   import java.awt.Dimension;
   import java.awt.Graphics;
   import java.awt.Graphics2D;
   import java.awt.geom.Ellipse2D;
   import java.awt.geom.Line2D;
   
   import javax.swing.JFrame;
   import javax.swing.JPanel;
   import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
   
   public class RadiusDrawer {
       private JFrame frame;
       private int centerX = 50;
       private int centerY = 50;
       private int x = 0;
       private int y = 0;
       private int r = 100;
   
       public static void main(String[] args) {
           SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new RadiusDrawer()::createAndShowGui);
       }
   
       private void createAndShowGui() {
           frame = new JFrame(getClass().getSimpleName());
   
           frame.add(new MyCircle());
           frame.pack();
           frame.setVisible(true);
           frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
       }
   
       @SuppressWarnings("serial")
       class MyCircle extends JPanel {
           int cx = 0;
           int cy = 0;
           public MyCircle() {
               int angle = 0;
   
               x = (int) (r * Math.cos(Math.toRadians(angle)));
               y = (int) (r * Math.sin(Math.toRadians(angle)));
   
               y *= -1; //We must inverse the Y axis since in Math Y axis starts in the bottom while in Swing it starts at the top, in order to have or angles correctly displayed, we must inverse the axis
   
               calculateCenter();
           }
   
           private void calculateCenter() {
               cx = centerX + r;
               cy = centerY + r;
           }
   
           @Override
           protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
               super.paintComponent(g);
               Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g;
   
               drawCircle(g2d, centerX, centerY, r);
               drawRadius(g2d);
           }
   
           private void drawCircle(Graphics2D g2d, int x, int y, int r) {
               g2d.setColor(Color.BLACK);
               g2d.draw(new Ellipse2D.Double(x, y, r * 2, r * 2));
           }
   
           private void drawRadius(Graphics2D g2d) {
               g2d.setColor(Color.BLUE);
               g2d.draw(new Line2D.Double(cx, cy, cx + x, cy + y));
           }
   
           @Override
           public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
               return new Dimension(300, 300);
           }
       }
   }
   

   Here are some screenshots of the output at 0, 60 and 90 degrees.

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