您如何在 Spring 容器之外使用 Spring Data JPA? [英] How do you use Spring Data JPA outside of a Spring Container?

问题描述

我正在尝试手动连接 Spring Data JPA 对象，以便我可以生成 DAO 代理(又名存储库) - 而不使用 Spring bean 容器.

I'm trying to wire up Spring Data JPA objects manually so that I can generate DAO proxies (aka Repositories) - without using a Spring bean container.

不可避免地，有人会问我为什么要这样做:这是因为我们的项目已经在使用 Google Guice(并且在 UI 上使用带有 GWT 的 Gin)，并且我们不想维护另一个 IoC 容器配置，或拉入所有生成的依赖项.我知道我们或许可以使用 Guice 的 SpringIntegration，但这是最后的手段.

Inevitably, I will be asked why I want to do this: it is because our project is already using Google Guice (and on the UI using Gin with GWT), and we don't want to maintain another IoC container configuration, or pull in all the resulting dependencies. I know we might be able to use Guice's SpringIntegration, but this would be a last resort.

似乎所有东西都可以手动连接对象，但由于没有很好的文档记录，我遇到了困难.

It seems that everything is available to wire the objects up manually, but since it's not well documented, I'm having a difficult time.

根据 Spring Data 用户指南，使用 独立的存储库工厂 是可能的.不幸的是，该示例显示了一个抽象类 RepositoryFactorySupport.经过一番搜索，我设法找到 JpaRepositoryFactory

According to the Spring Data user's guide, using repository factories standalone is possible. Unfortunately, the example shows RepositoryFactorySupport which is an abstract class. After some searching I managed to find JpaRepositoryFactory

JpaRepositoryFactory 实际上工作得很好，只是它不会自动创建事务.事务必须手动管理，否则不会持久保存到数据库中:

JpaRepositoryFactory actually works fairly well, except it does not automatically create transactions. Transactions must be managed manually, or nothing will get persisted to the database:

entityManager.getTransaction().begin();
repositoryInstance.save(someJpaObject);
entityManager.getTransaction().commit();

问题原来是@Transactional注解没有自动使用，需要TransactionInterceptor

The problem turned out to be that @Transactional annotations are not used automatically, and need the help of a TransactionInterceptor

谢天谢地，JpaRepositoryFactory 可以在返回之前通过回调向生成的 Repository 代理添加更多 AOP 建议:

Thankfully, the JpaRepositoryFactory can take a callback to add more AOP advice to the generated Repository proxy before returning:

final JpaTransactionManager xactManager = new JpaTransactionManager(emf);
final JpaRepositoryFactory factory = new JpaRepositoryFactory(emf.createEntityManager());

factory.addRepositoryProxyPostProcessor(new RepositoryProxyPostProcessor() {
    @Override
    public void postProcess(ProxyFactory factory) {
        factory.addAdvice(new TransactionInterceptor(xactManager, new AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource()));
    }
});

这就是事情进展不顺利的地方.单步调试代码中的调试器，TransactionInterceptor 确实在创建事务——但在错误的EntityManager 上.Spring 通过查看当前正在执行的线程来管理活动的 EntityManager.TransactionInterceptor 执行此操作并看到没有活动的 EntityManager 绑定到线程，并决定创建一个新的.

This is where things are not working out so well. Stepping through the debugger in the code, the TransactionInterceptor is indeed creating a transaction - but on the wrong EntityManager. Spring manages the active EntityManager by looking at the currently executing thread. The TransactionInterceptor does this and sees there is no active EntityManager bound to the thread, and decides to create a new one.

但是，这个新的 EntityManager 与创建并传递给 JpaRepositoryFactory 构造函数的实例不同，后者需要 EntityManager.问题是，如何让 TransactionInterceptor 和 JpaRepositoryFactory 使用相同的 EntityManager?

However, this new EntityManager is not the same instance that was created and passed into the JpaRepositoryFactory constructor, which requires an EntityManager. The question is, how do I make the TransactionInterceptor and the JpaRepositoryFactory use the same EntityManager?

在写这篇文章时，我发现了如何解决这个问题，但它仍然可能不是理想的解决方案.我将将此解决方案作为单独的答案发布.我很高兴听到任何关于独立使用 Spring Data JPA 的更好方法的建议，而不是我解决它的方法.

While writing this up, I found out how to solve the problem but it still may not be the ideal solution. I will post this solution as a separate answer. I would be happy to hear any suggestions on a better way to use Spring Data JPA standalone than how I've solve it.

推荐答案

JpaRepositoryFactory 和相应的 Spring 集成 JpaRepositoryFactory bean 设计背后的一般原则如下:

The general principle behind the design of JpaRepositoryFactory and the according Spring integration JpaRepositoryFactory bean is the following:

我们假设您在托管 JPA 运行时环境中运行您的应用程序，而不关心是哪一个.

We're assuming you run your application inside a managed JPA runtime environment, not caring about which one.

这就是我们依赖注入的 EntityManager 而不是 EntityManagerFactory 的原因.根据定义，EntityManager 不是线程安全的.因此，如果直接处理 EntityManagerFactory，我们将不得不重写托管运行时环境(就像 Spring 或 EJB)将为您提供的所有资源管理代码.

That's the reason we rely on injected EntityManager rather than an EntityManagerFactory. By definition the EntityManager is not thread safe. So if dealt with an EntityManagerFactory directly we would have to rewrite all the resource managing code a managed runtime environment (just like Spring or EJB) would provide you.

为了与 Spring 事务管理集成，我们使用 Spring 的 SharedEntityManagerCreator，它实际上执行了您手动实现的事务资源绑定魔术.所以你可能想用那个从你的EntityManagerFactory 创建EntityManager 实例.如果您想直接在存储库 bean 上激活事务性(以便调用例如 repo.save(...) 如果没有一个事务处于活动状态，则创建一个事务)查看 TransactionalRepositoryProxyPostProcessor Spring Data Commons 中的实现.它实际上在直接使用 Spring Data 存储库时激活事务(例如，对于 repo.save(…))并稍微自定义事务配置查找以优先于实现类的接口，以允许存储库接口覆盖定义的事务配置在 SimpleJpaRepository.

To integrate with the Spring transaction management we use Spring's SharedEntityManagerCreator that actually does the transaction resource binding magic you've implemented manually. So you probably want to use that one to create EntityManager instances from your EntityManagerFactory. If you want to activate the transactionality at the repository beans directly (so that a call to e.g. repo.save(…) creates a transaction if none is already active) have a look at the TransactionalRepositoryProxyPostProcessor implementation in Spring Data Commons. It actually activates transactions when Spring Data repositories are used directly (e.g. for repo.save(…)) and slightly customizes the transaction configuration lookup to prefer interfaces over implementation classes to allow repository interfaces to override transaction configuration defined in SimpleJpaRepository.

这篇关于您如何在 Spring 容器之外使用 Spring Data JPA?的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！