从父类ctor调用重写的方法 [英] Calling an overridden method from a parent class ctor

问题描述

我尝试从父类的构造函数中调用被覆盖的方法，并注意到跨语言的不同行为.

I tried calling an overridden method from a constructor of a parent class and noticed different behavior across languages.

C++ - 回响 A.foo()

C++ - echoes A.foo()

class A{

public: 

    A(){foo();}

    virtual void foo(){cout<<"A.foo()";}
};

class B : public A{

public:

    B(){}

    void foo(){cout<<"B.foo()";}
};

int main(){

    B *b = new B(); 
}

Java - 回响 B.foo()

Java - echoes B.foo()

class A{

    public A(){foo();}

    public void foo(){System.out.println("A.foo()");}
}

class B extends A{  

    public void foo(){System.out.println("B.foo()");}
}

class Demo{

    public static void main(String args[]){
        B b = new B();
    }
}

C# - 回响 B.foo()

C# - echoes B.foo()

class A{

    public A(){foo();}

    public virtual void foo(){Console.WriteLine("A.foo()");}
}

class B : A{    

    public override void foo(){Console.WriteLine("B.foo()");}
}


class MainClass
{
    public static void Main (string[] args)
    {
        B b = new B();              
    }
}

我意识到在 C++ 中，对象是从层次结构的最顶层父级创建的，所以当构造函数调用被覆盖的方法时，B 甚至不存在，所以它调用 A' 版本的方法.但是，我不确定为什么我在 Java 和 C#(来自 C++)中得到不同的行为

I realize that in C++ objects are created from top-most parent going down the hierarchy, so when the constructor calls the overridden method, B does not even exist, so it calls the A' version of the method. However, I am not sure why I am getting different behavior in Java and C# (from C++)

推荐答案

在 C++ 中，正如您正确指出的那样，对象的类型是 A 直到 A 构造函数是完成的.对象在构造过程中实际上改变了类型.这就是使用 A 类的 vtable 的原因，所以 A::foo() 被调用而不是 B::foo().

In C++, as you correctly noted, the object is of type A until the A constructor is finished. The object actually changes type during its construction. This is why the vtable of the A class is used, so A::foo() gets called instead of B::foo().

在 Java 和 C# 中，自始至终都使用最派生类型的 vtable(或等效机制)，即使在基类的构造过程中也是如此.所以在这些语言中，B.foo() 会被调用.

In Java and C#, the vtable (or equivalent mechanism) of the most-derived type is used throughout, even during construction of the base classes. So in these languages, B.foo() gets called.

请注意，一般不建议从构造函数中调用虚方法.如果您不是很小心，虚拟方法可能会假定对象是完全构造的，即使情况并非如此.在 Java 中，每个方法都是隐式虚拟的，您别无选择.

Note that it is generally not recommended to call a virtual method from the constructor. If you're not very careful, the virtual method might assume that the object is fully constructed, even though that is not the case. In Java, where every method is implicitly virtual, you have no choice.

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