Laravel 5 单元测试 - 在 null 上调用成员函数 connection() [英] Laravel 5 Unit Test - Call to a member function connection() on null

问题描述

我尝试为我的 User 和 Shop 模型之间的关系创建单元测试，但是当我运行 vendor\bin\phpunit 抛出此错误，我对此一无所知，因为我是单元测试的新手.我试图在我的控制器上运行我的代码以查看关系是否真的有效，幸运的是它按预期工作，但在 phpunit 中运行时却没有.我做错了什么让这个 phpunit 不能与模型一起工作?

I tried creating a unit test for the relationships between my User and Shop models, however when I run vendor\bin\phpunit this error(s) are thrown, I have no idea about this since I'm a newbie in unit testing. I tried to run my code on my controller to see if the relationship actually works, and fortunately it is working as expected, but not when run in phpunit. What have I done wrong for this phpunit not to work with Models?

致命错误: 未捕获错误:在 E:projects ryvendorlaravel 中调用一个成员函数 connection() on nullframeworksrcIlluminateDatabaseEloquentModel.php:1013

堆栈跟踪:E:projects ryvendorlaravelframeworksrcIlluminateDatabaseEloquentModel.php(979): IlluminateDatabaseEloquentModel::resolveConnection(NULL)

这是我的 UserTest.php

This is my UserTest.php

<?php

namespace TestsUnit;

use TestsTestCase;
use IlluminateFoundationTestingDatabaseMigrations;
use IlluminateFoundationTestingDatabaseTransactions;

use AppUser;
use AppShop;

class UserTest extends TestCase
{

    protected $user, $shop;

    function __construct()
    {
        $this->setUp();
    }
    
    function setUp()
    {
        $user = new User([
            'id' => 1,
            'first_name' => 'John',
            'last_name' => 'Doe',
            'email' => '[e-mail]',
            'password' => 'secret',
            'facebook_id' => null,
            'type' => 'customer',
            'confirmation_code' => null,
            'newsletter_subscription' => 0,
            'last_online' => null,
            'telephone' => null,
            'mobile' => null,
            'social_security_id' => null,
            'address_1' => null,
            'address_2' => null,
            'city' => null,
            'zip_code' => null,
            'signed_agreement' => 0,
            'is_email_confirmed' => 0
        ]);

        $user = User::find(1);
        $shop = new Shop([
            'id' => 1,
            'user_id' => $user->id,
            'name' => 'PureFoods Hotdog2',
            'description' => 'Something that describes this shop',
            'url' => null,
            'currency' => 'USD'
        ]);
        $user->shops()->save($shop);

        $shop = new Shop([
            'id' => 2,
            'user_id' => $user->id,
            'name' => 'PureFoods Hotdog',
            'description' => 'Something that describes this shop',
            'url' => null,
            'currency' => 'USD'
        ]);

        $user->shops()->save($shop);

        $this->user = $user;

    }

    /** @test */
    public function a_user_has_an_id(){
        $user =  User::find(1);
        $this->assertEquals(1, $user->id);
    }

    /** @test */
    public function a_user_has_a_first_name()
    {
        $this->assertEquals("John", $this->user->first_name);
    }

    /** @test */
    public function a_user_can_own_multiple_shops()
    {
        $shops = User::find(1)->shops()->get();
        var_dump($this->shops);
        $this->assertCount(2, $shops);
    }
}

看来，这个错误是由这行代码引起的:$user->shops()->save($shop); - 此代码在我的示例路由或控制器中运行时实际上有效，但在运行时抛出 errors在 phpunit

It seems, this error is caused by this line of code: $user->shops()->save($shop); - this code actually works when run in my sample routes or Controller but is throwing errors when run in phpunit

User.php

<?php

namespace App;

use IlluminateNotificationsNotifiable;
use IlluminateFoundationAuthUser as Authenticatable;

class User extends Authenticatable
{
    use Notifiable;

    protected $guarded = [ 'id' ];
    protected $table = "users";   

    /**
     * The attributes that should be hidden for arrays.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $hidden = [
        'password', 'remember_token',
    ];


    /**
     * returns the Shops that this user owned
     */
    public function shops()
    {
        return $this->hasMany('AppShop');
    }
}

Shop.php

<?php

namespace App;

use IlluminateDatabaseEloquentModel;

class Shop extends Model
{
    protected $guarded = [ 'id' ];
    protected $table = "shops";

    /**
     * returns the Owner of this Shop
     */
    public function owner()
    {
        return $this->belongsTo('AppUser');
    }
}

任何帮助将不胜感激.谢谢！

Any help will be very much appreciated. Thanks!

推荐答案

首先，setUp()在每次测试之前都会被调用，所以你不应该调用它来自构造函数

First of all, setUp() is called before every test, so you shouldn't call it from within the constructor

其次，您应该在 setUp() 中调用 parent::setUp()初始化应用实例.

Second of all, you should call the parent::setUp() in your setUp() to initialize the app instance.

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