TK框架双重实现问题 [英] TK Framework double implementation issue

问题描述

我正在测试使用Tkinter模块创建GUI。我试图使用PIL将图像添加到GUI。我的代码如下所示：

import Tkinter as tk
from PIL import Image, ImageTk

root = tk.Tk()
root.title('background image')

imfile = "foo.png"
im = Image.open(imfile)
im1 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(im)

当我运行此代码时，我发现了一些导致段错误的错误。

objc[5431]: Class TKApplication is implemented in both/Users/sykeoh/anaconda/lib/libtk8.5.dylib and /System/Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Versions/8.5/Tk. One of the two will be used. Which one is undefined.
objc[5431]: Class TKMenu is implemented in both /Users/sykeoh/anaconda/lib/libtk8.5.dylib and /System/Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Versions/8.5/Tk. One of the two will be used. Which one is undefined.
objc[5431]: Class TKContentView is implemented in both /Users/sykeoh/anaconda/lib/libtk8.5.dylib and /System/Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Versions/8.5/Tk. One of the two will be used. Which one is undefined.
objc[5431]: Class TKWindow is implemented in both /Users/sykeoh/anaconda/lib/libtk8.5.dylib and /System/Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Versions/8.5/Tk. One of the two will be used. Which one is undefined.
Segmentation fault: 11

我在线查看了一下，我的Systems库中的Tk框架和蟒鱼库中的另一个Tk框架似乎存在问题。然而，所有的解决方案似乎都没有真正奏效。是否有任何可能的解决方案或解决办法？

运行ImageTk.Photoimage时出现此问题。如果我删除该代码行，则不会有任何问题。

推荐答案

我知道我创建了赏金，但我不耐烦了，决定进行调查，现在我得到了对我有效的东西。我有一个与您的非常相似的python示例，它除了尝试使用Tkinter显示在命令行上传递的图像之外，几乎什么也不做，如下所示：

calebhattingh $ python imageview.py a.jpg
objc[84696]: Class TKApplication is implemented in both /Users/calebhattingh/anaconda/envs/py35/lib/libtk8.5.dylib and /System/Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Versions/8.5/Tk. One of the two will be used. Which one is undefined.
objc[84696]: Class TKMenu is implemented in both /Users/calebhattingh/anaconda/envs/py35/lib/libtk8.5.dylib and /System/Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Versions/8.5/Tk. One of the two will be used. Which one is undefined.
objc[84696]: Class TKContentView is implemented in both /Users/calebhattingh/anaconda/envs/py35/lib/libtk8.5.dylib and /System/Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Versions/8.5/Tk. One of the two will be used. Which one is undefined.
objc[84696]: Class TKWindow is implemented in both /Users/calebhattingh/anaconda/envs/py35/lib/libtk8.5.dylib and /System/Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Versions/8.5/Tk. One of the two will be used. Which one is undefined.
Segmentation fault: 11

实际情况是二进制文件~/anaconda/envs/py35/lib/python3.5/site-packages/PIL/_imagingtk.so已链接到框架，而不是环境中的Tcl/Tk库。您可以使用otool查看链接设置：

(py35)🎨  ~/anaconda/envs/py35/lib/python3.5/site-packages/PIL
calebhattingh $ otool -L _imagingtk.so 
_imagingtk.so:
        /System/Library/Frameworks/Tcl.framework/Versions/8.5/Tcl (compatibility version 8.5.0, current version 8.5.9)
        /System/Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Versions/8.5/Tk (compatibility version 8.5.0, current version 8.5.9)
        /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 159.1.0)
        /usr/lib/libgcc_s.1.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)

看到这两行"框架"了吗？对于蟒蛇，我们不希望那样。我们希望使用环境中的库。那么让我们更改它们吧！

首先备份二进制文件(以防您要还原)：

$ cp _imagingtk.so _imagingtk.so.bak

现在在命令行上运行此命令(假设您与envname/lib位于同一文件夹中)：

$ install_name_tool -change "/System/Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Versions/8.5/Tk" "@rpath/libtk8.5.dylib" _imagingtk.so
$ install_name_tool -change "/System/Library/Frameworks/Tcl.framework/Versions/8.5/Tcl" "@rpath/libtcl8.5.dylib" _imagingtk.so

看到那里的@rpath位了吗？这意味着无论您在路径中找到哪一个。这对蟒蛇很管用。现在，_imagingtk.so库中的链接如下所示：

(py35)🎨  ~/anaconda/envs/py35/lib/python3.5/site-packages/PIL
calebhattingh $ otool -L _imagingtk.so
_imagingtk.so:
        @rpath/libtcl8.5.dylib (compatibility version 8.5.0, current version 8.5.9)
        @rpath/libtk8.5.dylib (compatibility version 8.5.0, current version 8.5.9)
        /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 159.1.0)
        /usr/lib/libgcc_s.1.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)

之后，您的代码将运行。或许应该有人尝试将其上游处理。

附录：python分发版中的Tkinter绑定，即当前活动的conda env，具有以下链接：

🎨  ~/anaconda/envs/py35/lib/python3.5/lib-dynload
calebhattingh $ otool -L _tkinter.cpython-35m-darwin.so 
_tkinter.cpython-35m-darwin.so:
        @loader_path/../../libtcl8.5.dylib (compatibility version 8.5.0, current version 8.5.18)
        @loader_path/../../libtk8.5.dylib (compatibility version 8.5.0, current version 8.5.18)
        /usr/lib/libgcc_s.1.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1.0.0)
        /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 111.0.0)

如果您愿意，您可以使用install_name_tool代替我上面使用的@loader_path/../../，即@rpath/。这样可能也行，甚至可能更好。

这篇关于TK框架双重实现问题的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！