迭代对象的属性蟒 [英] Iterate over object attributes in python

问题描述

我有几个属性和方法Python对象。我想遍历对象属性。

I have a python object with several attributes and methods. I want to iterate over object attributes.

class my_python_obj(object):
    attr1='a'
    attr2='b'
    attr3='c'

    def method1(self, etc, etc):
        #Statements

我要生成一个包含所有对象的属性及其当前值的字典，但我想这样做动态方式（所以如果以后我添加另一个属性我不记得我的更新功能井）。

I want to generate a dictionary containing all of the objects attributes and their current values, but I want to do it in a dynamic way (so if later I add another attribute I don't have to remember to update my function as well).

在PHP变量可以作为钥匙，但在Python对象unsuscriptable，如果我用点号这会创建一个与我的变种，这不是我的意图名称的新属性。

In php variables can be used as keys, but objects in python are unsuscriptable and if I use the dot notation for this it creates a new attribute with the name of my var, which is not my intent.

只是为了让事情更清晰：

Just to make things clearer:

def to_dict(self):
    '''this is what I already have'''
    d={}
    d["attr1"]= self.attr1
    d["attr2"]= self.attr2
    d["attr3"]= self.attr3
    return d

·

def to_dict(self):
    '''this is what I want to do'''
    d={}
    for v in my_python_obj.attributes:
        d[v] = self.v
    return d

更新：
随着属性我的意思是只此对象的变量，而不是方法。

Update: With attributes I mean only the variables of this object, not the methods.

推荐答案

假设你有一个类，如

>>> class Cls(object):
...     foo = 1
...     bar = 'hello'
...     def func(self):
...         return 'call me'
...
>>> obj = Cls()

调用 DIR 的对象给你回该对象的所有属性，包括Python的特殊属性。虽然有些对象属性是可调用的，比如方法。

calling dir on the object gives you back all the attributes of that object, including python special attributes. Although some object attributes are callable, such as methods.

>>> dir(obj)
['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__doc__', '__format__', '__getattribute__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__module__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', 'bar', 'foo', 'func']

您可以随时使用名单COM prehension筛选出特殊的方法。

You can always filter out the special methods by using a list comprehension.

>>> [a for a in dir(obj) if not a.startswith('__')]
['bar', 'foo', 'func']

或者如果你preFER图/过滤器。

or if you prefer map/filters.

>>> filter(lambda a: not a.startswith('__'), dir(obj))
['bar', 'foo', 'func']

如果要过滤出的方法，您可以使用内置的可赎回作为检查。

If you want to filter out the methods, you can use the builtin callable as a check.

>>> [a for a in dir(obj) if not a.startswith('__') and not callable(getattr(obj,a))]
['bar', 'foo']

您还可以通过检查你的类​​与其父之间的区别。

You could also inspect the difference between your class and its parent using.

>>> set(dir(Cls)) - set(dir(object))
set(['__module__', 'bar', 'func', '__dict__', 'foo', '__weakref__'])

这篇关于迭代对象的属性蟒的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！