POSIX，UNIX，路径，vim和其他恶梦Windows用户 [英] Posix, unix, paths, vim and other nightmares for a windows user
问题描述
这似乎是一个非常开放端的问题，但我会尽我所能将这一巨大的混乱我有我的头，看看是否有人能解决这个问题多的人可以从中学到：
我从去年开始电子和计算机科学的大学课程中途，但更多的第一，而盲目地扔进编程，通过一系列Unix下使用Eclipse complabs的。直到有，虽然我没有UNIX知识，挺好的。
现在我想code在家里也决定尝试安装Eclipse下面这需要安装MinGW和其添加到路径给定的教程。比喻我这样做蒙住眼睛，我根本不知道发生了什么事情。
在现在几个编程课程，并已经找到了Visual Studio中的preference，我想搬回到命令行，因为我需要使用脚本和命令行工具，包括VIM。然而我发现，作为Windows用户，我完全迷失了方向的开放式操作系统的世界，花了很多时间，有它的知识很差。因此，在大问题后，任何人都可以请给出在哪里可以找到或解释，正在我的脑袋炸开所有这些问题之间的realtionship指南：
我能在Windows中执行命令提示符下，什么MSYS，什么Bash和什么共同点？
为什么我可以运行sh和在命令提示符下，以及之类的东西猫的脚本，sed的？我想是因为MinGW的和有它在我的路径，但不知道为什么，并且是该命令在UNIX中执行相同的不同？
当和为什么要使用./或〜/？
我应该更好的分区我的电脑，并在UNIX上运行Unix的任务是什么？
我找个地方不同终端的语法参考？
我曾尝试和像Unix上的Vim，但在从命令提示符下我的Windows不能创建的〜/ .vimrc，其实我可以改变我在命令提示符下运行VIM？
我知道这是一个模糊的问题，但我试图解释我所有的疑虑，因为我可以，请在评论的方式，我可以更好地解释我的怀疑和完善的问题。
解决方案如果您想了解Linux命令行的用法，我建议你下载的VirtualBox，还有一些Linux发行版（比如Ubuntu）。安装驶向TLDP： HTTP：//www.tldp。组织/ LDP / bash的初学者，指南/ HTML / sect_01_01.html 。它是免费的，并使用VirtualBox可以让你避免分区/多重麻烦现在。
我真的建议最重要的是，如果你想学习Linux的命令行，尽量保持清洁，并明确从MSYS和cmd.exe的（命令提示符）尽可能分开，以减轻自己的心理负荷。
如果要比较你可以输入cmd.exe和bash做什么，试试这个： http://batsh.org/
It might seem to be a really open end question, but I'll do my best to translate this great confusion I have in my head to see if someone can resolve it and more people can learn from it:
I started last year a university course midway between electronics and computer science, but more of the first, and was thrown blindly into programming, through a series of complabs using Eclipse under Unix. Until there, though I had no knowledge of unix, fine.
Now I wanting to code at home as well decided to try and install Eclipse following a given tutorial which required installing MinGW and adding it to the path. Metaphorically I did this blindfolded, I had no clue what was going on.
Now after several programming courses and having found a preference for Visual Studio, I am trying to move back to the command line for I need to use scripts and command line tools including vim. However I have found that as a Windows user I am quite lost in the open operating system world and spending a lot of time to have very poor knowledge on it. So the big question, can anyone please give a guide of where to find or explain the realtionship between all this problems that are making my head explode:
What can I do in windows Command Prompt, what in Msys, what in Bash and what in common?
Why can I run sh and a script in command prompt as well as things like cat, sed? I suppose because of MinGW and having it in my path but dont know why, and are this commands different to the same executed in unix?
When and why do you use ./ or ~/ ?
Should I better partition my computer and run unix tasks in unix?
Can I find somewhere a reference to the syntax of the different terminals?
I have tried and like vim in unix, but can't create ~/.vimrc in my windows from command prompt, can I actually modify the vim I run in my command prompt?
I know it is a vague question but I tried to explain all my doubts as I could, please comment on ways I could better explain my doubts and improve the question
解决方案If you want to learn linux command line usage, I suggest you to download virtualbox, and some linux distro (like ubuntu). Install that and head towards tldp: http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Bash-Beginners-Guide/html/sect_01_01.html. It's free, and using virtualbox lets you avoid partitioning/multiboot hassles for now.
What I really suggest most importantly is that if you want to learn linux commandline, try to keep it as clean and clearly separate from msys and cmd.exe ("Command prompt") as possible, to lessen your own mental load.
If you want to compare what you can do in cmd.exe and bash, try this: http://batsh.org/
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