调用基类构造函数的虚方法 [英] Calling virtual method in base class constructor

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问题描述

我知道,从基类的构造函数调用虚方法可能是危险的,因为子类可能不处于有效状态。 (至少在C#)

我的问题是,如果虚拟方法是什么谁初始化对象的状态呢?它是很好的做法,还是应该是两个步骤,首先创建对象,然后加载状态?

第一种选择:(使用构造函数初始化状态)

 公共类BaseObject {
    公共BaseObject(定义的XElement){
        this.LoadState(定义);
    }    保护抽象的LoadState(的XElement定义);
}

第二选项:(使用两步法)

 公共类BaseObject {
    公共无效的LoadState(定义的XElement){
        this.LoadStateCore(定义);
    }    保护抽象LoadStateCore(的XElement定义);
}

在第一种方法中的code的消费者可以创建并与一个语句初始化对象

  //的基类将调用加载状态的虚方法。
ChildObject O =新ChildObject(高清)

在第二种方法,消费者将不得不创建对象,然后加载状态:

  ChildObject O =新ChildObject();
o.LoadState(定义);


解决方案

(这个答案适用于C#和Java,我相信C ++不同的工作在这个问题上。)

在调用构造一个虚拟的方法确实是危险的,但有时也可以用干净的code结束。

我会尽量避免在可能的情况,但没有弯曲设计的非常的。 (例如,后来初始化选项禁止不变性。)如果你的的使用虚拟方法在构造函数中,将其记录下来的非常的强烈。只要人人参与意识到它在做什么,它不应该造成的的许多问题。我会尝试,虽然限制了知名度,因为你已经在你的第一个例子完成。

编辑:有一件事是重要的这里是有一个在初始化顺序C#和Java之间的差异。如果你有一个类,如:

 公共类儿童:父母
{
    私人INT富= 10;    保护覆盖无效ShowFoo()
    {
        Console.WriteLine(富);
    }
}

其中构造函数调用 ShowFoo ,在C#中它会显示10 Java中的同等功能的程序将显示0。

I know that calling a virtual method from a base class constructor can be dangerous since the child class might not be in a valid state. (at least in C#)

My question is what if the virtual method is the one who initializes the state of the object ? Is it good practice or should it be a two step process, first to create the object and then to load the state ?

First option: (using the constructor to initialize the state)

public class BaseObject {
    public BaseObject(XElement definition) {
        this.LoadState(definition);
    }

    protected abstract LoadState(XElement definition);
}

Second option: (using a two step process)

public class BaseObject {
    public void LoadState(XElement definition) {
        this.LoadStateCore(definition);
    }

    protected abstract LoadStateCore(XElement definition);
}

In the first method the consumer of the code can create and initialize the object with one statement:

// The base class will call the virtual method to load the state.
ChildObject o = new ChildObject(definition)

In the second method the consumer will have to create the object and then load the state:

ChildObject o = new ChildObject();
o.LoadState(definition);

解决方案

(This answer applies to C# and Java. I believe C++ works differently on this matter.)

Calling a virtual method in a constructor is indeed dangerous, but sometimes it can end up with the cleanest code.

I would try to avoid it where possible, but without bending the design hugely. (For instance, the "initialize later" option prohibits immutability.) If you do use a virtual method in the constructor, document it very strongly. So long as everyone involved is aware of what it's doing, it shouldn't cause too many problems. I would try to limit the visibility though, as you've done in your first example.

EDIT: One thing which is important here is that there's a difference between C# and Java in order of initialization. If you have a class such as:

public class Child : Parent
{
    private int foo = 10;

    protected override void ShowFoo()
    {
        Console.WriteLine(foo);
    }
}

where the Parent constructor calls ShowFoo, in C# it will display 10. The equivalent program in Java would display 0.

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