我为什么必须初始化所有字段在我的C＃结构与非默认构造函数？ [英] Why Must I Initialize All Fields in my C# struct with a Non-Default Constructor?

问题描述

我想试试这个code：

I would like to try this code:

public struct Direction
{
   private int _azimuth;

   public int Azimuth
   {
     get { return _azimuth; }
     set { _azimuth = value; }
   }       

   public Direction(int azimuth)
   { 
      Azimuth = azimuth
   } 
}

但它编译失败，我明白该结构需要初始化所有的字段。
但我想了解的CLR \\ IL罩下会发生什么。
为什么它需要所有的字段之前的任何其他方法\\属性\\本等。

But it fails on compilation, I understand that struct need to init all its fields. but i am trying to understand what happens under the CLR\IL hoods. why it need all the fields before any other method\property\this etc.

感谢。

推荐答案

值类型堆栈（除非嵌套引用类型内），也有一些是关于栈的CLR不能保证在田/位置上创建他们将被清零（与场/这是保证托管堆上地点被清零）。因此，他们必须写入之前被读取。否则，它是一个安全漏洞。

Value Types are created on the stack (unless nested within a reference type) There is something about fields/locations on the stack that the CLR can't guarantee that they will be zeroed out (contrary to fields/locations on the managed heap which are guaranteed to be zeroed out). Hence they must be written to before being read. Otherwise it's a security hole.

该结构的默认构造函数（没有参数和你不能明确指定）置零一个struct的各个领域，因此这样做后，您可以使用一个结构。

The struct's default ctor (which takes no parameters and which you're not allowed to explicitly specify) zeroes out all fields of a struct and hence you can use a struct after you do.

new BimonthlyPairStruct()

然而，当你实现你的参数构造函数，您必须确保所有的字段都被初始化 - 这是必需的CLR通过您的code作为安全/ 验证

However when you implement your parameterized ctor, you must ensure that all fields have been initialized - which is required for the CLR to pass your code as safe/verified .

另请参见：通过C＃第二版CLR - 皮克188

See Also: CLR via C# 2nd Ed - Pg 188

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