最快的方式来创建在C＃中的文件 [英] Fastest way to create files in C#

问题描述

我运行一个程序，以基准如何快速查找和处理大量文件的遍历所有文件的文件夹中。该方法的最慢的部分是创建一百万加文件。我使用的是一个相当幼稚的方法来创建此刻的文件：

I'm running a program to benchmark how fast finding and iterating over all the files in a folder with large numbers of files. The slowest part of the process is creating the 1 million plus files. I'm using a pretty naive method to create the files at the moment:

Console.Write("Creating {0:N0} file(s) of size {1:N0} bytes... ", 
    options.FileCount, options.FileSize);
var createTimer = Stopwatch.StartNew();
var fileNames = new List<string>();
for (long i = 0; i < options.FileCount; i++)
{
    var filename = Path.Combine(options.Directory.FullName, 
                        CreateFilename(i, options.FileCount));
    using (var file = new FileStream(filename, FileMode.CreateNew, 
                        FileAccess.Write, FileShare.None, 4096, 
                        FileOptions.WriteThrough))
    {
        // I have an option to write some data to files, but it's not being used. 
        // That's why there's a using here.
    }
    fileNames.Add(filename);
}
createTimer.Stop();
Console.WriteLine("Done.");

// Other code appears here.....

Console.WriteLine("Time to  CreateFiles: {0:N3}sec ({1:N2} files/sec, 1 in {2:N4}ms)"
       , createTimer.Elapsed.TotalSeconds
       , (double)total / createTimer.Elapsed.TotalSeconds
       , createTimer.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds / (double)options.FileCount);

输出：

Output:

Creating 1,000,000 file(s) of size 0 bytes... Done.
Time to  CreateFiles: 9,182.283sec (1,089.05 files/sec, 1 in 9.1823ms)

如果有什么明显比这更好的？我期待测试幅度超过1百万大几个数量级，并且需要每天创建文件！

If there anything obviously better than this? I'm looking to test several orders of magnitude larger than 1 million, and it takes a day to create the files!

我没有带任何试图排序的并行性，尝试优化的任何文件系统选项或更改文件创建的顺序。

I havn't tried any sort of parallelism, trying to optimise any file system options or changing the order of file creation.

有关完整性，这里的 CreateFilename（）的含量：

public static string CreateFilename(long i, long totalFiles)
{
    if (totalFiles < 0)
        throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("totalFiles", 
            totalFiles, "totalFiles must be positive");

    // This tries to keep filenames to the 8.3 format as much as possible.
    if (totalFiles < 99999999)
        // No extension.
        return String.Format("{0:00000000}", i);
    else if (totalFiles >= 100000000 && totalFiles < 9999999999)
    {
        // Extend numbers into extension.
        long rem = 0;
        long div = Math.DivRem(i, 1000, out rem);
        return String.Format("{0:00000000}", div) + "." + 
            String.Format("{0:000}", rem);
    }
    else
        // Doesn't fit in 8.3, so just tostring the long.
        return i.ToString();
}

更新

试过parallelise按使用的Parallel.For（） StriplingWarrior的建议。 ！结果：约30个线程颠簸我的磁盘和净放缓

Tried to parallelise as per StriplingWarrior's suggestion using Parallel.For(). Results: about 30 threads thrashing my disk and a net slow down!

        var fileNames = new ConcurrentBag<string>();
        var opts = new ParallelOptions();
        opts.MaxDegreeOfParallelism = 1;       // 1 thread turns out to be fastest.
        Parallel.For(0L, options.FileCount, opts,
            () => new { Files = new List<string>() },   
            (i, parState, state) =>
            {
                var filename = Path.Combine(options.Directory.FullName, 
                                   CreateFilename(i, options.FileCount));
                using (var file = new FileStream(filename, FileMode.CreateNew
                                  , FileAccess.Write, FileShare.None
                                  , 4096, FileOptions.WriteThrough))
                {
                }
                fileNames.Add(filename);
                return state;
            },
            state => 
            {
                foreach (var f in state.Files)
                {
                    fileNames.Add(f);
                }
            });
        createTimer.Stop();
        Console.WriteLine("Done.");

研究发现，改变了 FileOptions 在的FileStream 靠〜50％提高PERF。看来我是关闭任何写入缓存。

Found that changing the FileOptions in the FileStream improved perf by ~50%. Seems I was turning off any write cache.

new FileStream(filename, FileMode.CreateNew, 
                 FileAccess.Write, FileShare.None, 
                 4096, FileOptions.None)

结果：

Creating 10,000 file(s) of size 0 bytes... Done.
Time to  CreateFiles: 12.390sec (8,071.05 files/sec, 1 in 1.2390ms)

其他的想法仍然欢迎。

Other ideas still welcome.

推荐答案

我发现了身边 File.Create一个简单的循环的最快方法（ ）：

IEnumerable filenames = GetFilenames();
foreach (var filename in filenames)
{
    File.Create(filename);
}

这是等同于（什么我实际使用的代码）：

Which is equivalent to (what I'm actually using in code):

IEnumerable filenames= GetFilenames();
foreach (var filename in filenames)
{
    new FileStream(filename, FileMode.CreateNew, 
             FileAccess.Write, FileShare.None, 
             4096, FileOptions.None)
}

如果你真的想写点东西到文件中：

And if you actually want to write something to the file:

IEnumerable filenames= GetFilenames();
foreach (var filename in filenames)
{
    using (var fs = new FileStream(filename, FileMode.CreateNew, 
             FileAccess.Write, FileShare.None, 
             4096, FileOptions.None))
    {
        // Write something to your file.
    }
}

事情似乎并没有帮助：

Things that don't seem to help:

• 在并行的形式 Parallel.ForEach（）或的Parallel.For（）。这将产生一个净增长放缓而得到的线程数量的增加变得更糟。


• 据StriplingWarrior，固态硬盘。没有测试过自己（还），但我推测这可能是因为有这么多的小型写入。

• Parallelism in the form of Parallel.ForEach() or Parallel.For(). This produces a net slowdown which gets worse as the number of threads increase.
• According to StriplingWarrior, an SSD. Haven't tested myself (yet), but I speculate this may be because there are so many small writes.

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