如何使用print()打印类或类的对象? [英] How to print a class or objects of class using print()?

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本文介绍了如何使用print()打印类或类的对象?的处理方法,对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值,需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧!

问题描述

我在Python学习绳索。当我尝试使用 print()打印类 Foobar 函数,我得到这样的输出:

 < __ main __。Foobar实例在0x7ff2a18c>有没有办法我可以设置打印行为(或        例如,当我在类对象上调用 print()时,我想以特定格式打印其数据成员。如何在Python中实现这一点?



如果你熟悉C ++类,上述可以实现标准 ostream 添加 朋友ostream&运算符<< (ostream& const foobar&) 方法。

解决方案

p> >>> class Test:
... def __repr __(self):
... returnTest()
... def __str __(self):
... return member of Test
...
>>> t = Test()
>>>> t
Test()
>>>> print t
Test
的成员

__ str __ 方法是当你打印它会发生什么,并且 __ repr __ 方法是当你使用 repr()函数(或当你看到它与交互式提示)。如果这不是最强的方法,对此我深表歉意,因为我还在学习,但它的工作原理。



如果没有 __ str __ 方法,Python将打印 __ repr __ 的结果。如果你定义 __ str __ 而不是 __ repr __ ,Python将使用你在上面看到的 __ repr__ ,但仍然使用 __ str __ 进行打印。


I am learning the ropes in Python. When I try to print an object of class Foobar using the print() function, I get an output like this:

<__main__.Foobar instance at 0x7ff2a18c>

Is there a way I can set the printing behaviour (or the string representation) of a class and its objects? For instance, when I call print() on a class object, I would like to print its data members in a certain format. How to achieve this in Python?

If you are familiar with C++ classes, the above can be achieved for the standard ostream by adding a friend ostream& operator << (ostream&, const Foobar&) method for the class.

解决方案

>>> class Test:
...     def __repr__(self):
...         return "Test()"
...     def __str__(self):
...         return "member of Test"
... 
>>> t = Test()
>>> t
Test()
>>> print t
member of Test

The __str__ method is what happens when you print it, and the __repr__ method is what happens when you use the repr() function (or when you look at it with the interactive prompt). If this isn't the most Pythonic method, I apologize, because I'm still learning too - but it works.

If no __str__ method is given, Python will print the result of __repr__ instead. If you define __str__ but not __repr__, Python will use what you see above as the __repr__, but still use __str__ for printing.

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