正则表达式麻烦，转义的引号 [英] Regular expression troubles, escaped quotes

问题描述

基本上，我被传递一个字符串，我需要tokenise它与命令行选项由一个* nix shell

Basically, I'm being passed a string and I need to tokenise it in much the same manner as command line options are tokenised by a *nix shell

我有以下字符串

"Hello\" World" "Hello Universe" Hi

如何将它变成3个元素列表

How could I turn it into a 3 element list

• Hello>世界


• Hello Universe


• Hi

以下是我的第一次尝试，但它有一些问题

The following is my first attempt, but it's got a number of problems

• 留下引号字符


• 不捕获转义报价

代码：

public void test() {
    String str = "\"Hello\\\" World\" \"Hello Universe\" Hi";
    List<String> list = split(str);
}

public static List<String> split(String str) {
    Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(
        "\"[^\"]*\"" + /* double quoted token*/
        "|'[^']*'" + /*single quoted token*/
        "|[A-Za-z']+" /*everything else*/
    );

    List<String> opts = new ArrayList<String>();
    Scanner scanner = new Scanner(str).useDelimiter(pattern);

    String token;
    while ((token = scanner.findInLine(pattern)) != null) {
        opts.add(token);
    }
    return opts;
}

因此，以下代码的输出不正确

So the incorrect output of the following code is

• Hello\


• 世界




• 您好


• Universe


• Hi

• "Hello\"
• World
• " "
• Hello
• Universe
• Hi

EDIT 我完全可以使用非regex解决方案。它只是第一个解决方案。

EDIT I'm totally open to a non regex solution. It's just the first solution that came to mind

推荐答案

如果你决定要放弃regex，几个选项。如果你愿意只有一个双引号或单引号（但不是两者）作为你的报价，那么你可以使用StreamTokenizer来轻松解决这个问题：

If you decide you want to forego regex, and do parsing instead, there are a couple of options. If you are willing to have just a double quote or a single quote (but not both) as your quote, then you can use StreamTokenizer to solve this easily:

public static List<String> tokenize(String s) throws IOException {
    List<String> opts = new ArrayList<String>();
    StreamTokenizer st = new StreamTokenizer(new StringReader(s));
    st.quoteChar('\"');
    while (st.nextToken() != StreamTokenizer.TT_EOF) {
        opts.add(st.sval);
    }

    return opts;
}

两个引号，这里是一个天真的实现，应该工作（注意，像blah \blahblah这样的字符串会产生类似blahblahblah这样的字符串，如果这不行，更改）：

If you must support both quotes, here is a naive implementation that should work (caveat that a string like '"blah \" blah"blah' will yield something like 'blah " blahblah'. If that isn't OK, you will need to make some changes):

   public static List<String> splitSSV(String in) throws IOException {
        ArrayList<String> out = new ArrayList<String>();

        StringReader r = new StringReader(in);
        StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder();
        int inQuote = -1;
        boolean escape = false;
        int c;
        // read each character
        while ((c = r.read()) != -1) {
            if (escape) {  // if the previous char is escape, add the current char
                b.append((char)c);
                escape = false;
                continue;
            }
            switch (c) {
            case '\\':   // deal with escape char
                escape = true;
                break;
            case '\"':
            case '\'':  // deal with quote chars
                if (c == '\"' || c == '\'') {
                    if (inQuote == -1) {  // not in a quote
                        inQuote = c;  // now we are
                    } else {
                        inQuote = -1;  // we were in a quote and now we aren't
                    }
                }
                break;
            case ' ':
                if (inQuote == -1) {  // if we aren't in a quote, then add token to list
                    out.add(b.toString());
                    b.setLength(0);
                } else {
                    b.append((char)c); // else append space to current token
                }
                break;
            default:
                b.append((char)c);  // append all other chars to current token
            }
        }
        if (b.length() > 0) {
            out.add(b.toString()); // add final token to list
        }
        return out;
    }

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