用于数据库备份的Linux shell脚本 [英] Linux shell script for database backup

问题描述

我尝试了许多脚本进行数据库备份，但我无法做到。我想每小时备份我的数据库。

我将文件添加到/etc/cron.hourly/文件夹，将其chmod更改为755，但它没有运行。
至少我写我的伪代码。

I tried many scripts for database backup but I couldn't make it. I want to backup my database every hour.
I added files to "/etc/cron.hourly/" folder, changed its chmod to 755, but it didn't run. At least I write my pseudo code.

我会很高兴，如果你能写一个脚本为这个操作，告诉我应该做什么更多？
将此脚本文件添加到 /etc/cron.hourly / 文件夹后。

I would be happy if you can write a script for this operation and tell me what should I do more ? After adding this script file to /etc/cron.hourly/ folder.

• 获取当前日期并创建一个变量 date = date（d_m_y_H_M_S）


• 为文件名创建一个变量， filename =$ date.gz


• 以这种方式获取我的数据库转储 mysqldump --user = my_user --password = my_pass --default-character-set = utf8 my_database | gzip> /var/www/vhosts/system/example.com/httpdocs/backups / $（filename）


• 删除文件夹中的所有文件 /var/www/vhosts/system/example.com/httpdocs/backups / 超过8天


• 到文件/ var / www / vhosts / system / example.com / httpdocs / backup_log.txt，此文本将被写为： date）


• 将文件所有者（chown）从root更改为my_user。因为我要打开my_user


• 我不想在每个cron之后发送电子邮件。> / dev / null 2>& 1

• Get current date and create a variable, date=date(d_m_y_H_M_S)
• Create a variable for the file name, filename="$date".gz
• Get the dump of my database like this mysqldump --user=my_user --password=my_pass --default-character-set=utf8 my_database | gzip > "/var/www/vhosts/system/example.com/httpdocs/backups/$("filename")
• Delete all files in the folder /var/www/vhosts/system/example.com/httpdocs/backups/ that are older than 8 days
• To the file "/var/www/vhosts/system/example.com/httpdocs/backup_log.txt", this text will be written: Backup is created at $("date")
• Change the file owners (chown) from root to "my_user". Because I want to open the backup and log files from the "my_user" FTP account.
• I don't want an email after each cron. >/dev/null 2>&1 will be added.

推荐答案

首先创建一个脚本文件并赋予此文件可执行权限。

First create a script file and give this file executable permission.

# cd /etc/cron.daily/
# touch /etc/cron.daily/dbbackup-daily.sh
# chmod 755 /etc/cron.daily/dbbackup-daily.sh
# vi /etc/cron.daily/dbbackup-daily.sh

然后使用Shift + Ins将以下行复制到文件中

Then copy following lines into file with Shift+Ins

#!/bin/sh
now="$(date +'%d_%m_%Y_%H_%M_%S')"
filename="db_backup_$now".gz
backupfolder="/var/www/vhosts/example.com/httpdocs/backups"
fullpathbackupfile="$backupfolder/$filename"
logfile="$backupfolder/"backup_log_"$(date +'%Y_%m')".txt
echo "mysqldump started at $(date +'%d-%m-%Y %H:%M:%S')" >> "$logfile"
mysqldump --user=mydbuser --password=mypass --default-character-set=utf8 mydatabase | gzip > "$fullpathbackupfile"
echo "mysqldump finished at $(date +'%d-%m-%Y %H:%M:%S')" >> "$logfile"
chown myuser "$fullpathbackupfile"
chown myuser "$logfile"
echo "file permission changed" >> "$logfile"
find "$backupfolder" -name db_backup_* -mtime +8 -exec rm {} \;
echo "old files deleted" >> "$logfile"
echo "operation finished at $(date +'%d-%m-%Y %H:%M:%S')" >> "$logfile"
echo "*****************" >> "$logfile"
exit 0

编辑：

使用InnoDB和备份需要的时间太多，您可以添加单一事务< a>参数以防止锁定。所以mysqldump行将是这样：

If you use InnoDB and backup takes too much time, you can add "single-transaction" argument to prevent locking. So mysqldump line will be like this:

mysqldump --user=mydbuser --password=mypass --default-character-set=utf8
          --single-transaction mydatabase | gzip > "$fullpathbackupfile"

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