如何从PEM文件获取私钥？ [英] how to get private key from PEM file?

问题描述

我有一个.PEM文件，包括公共密钥和用于SSL数据传输的私钥，如下所示：

i have a .PEM file that includes public key and a private key for SSL data transfer like this:

-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
      private key data
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
      public key data
-----END CERTIFICATE-----

当我想通过以下代码加载.PEM文件：

when i want to load the .PEM file by the following code:

X509Certificate2 xx = new X509Certificate2("c:\\myKey.pem");

我得到一个异常说：找不到请求的对象。 ，全栈：

i get an exception that says: "Cannot find the requested object." , with full stack:

System.Security.Cryptography.CryptographicException was unhandled
  Message=Cannot find the requested object.

  Source=mscorlib
  StackTrace:
       at System.Security.Cryptography.CryptographicException.ThrowCryptographicException(Int32 hr)
       at System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Utils._QueryCertFileType(String fileName)
       at System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate.LoadCertificateFromFile(String fileName, Object password, X509KeyStorageFlags keyStorageFlags)
       at System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate..ctor(String fileName)
       at System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.X509Certificate2..ctor(String fileName)
       at DLLTest.SSL_Test.test() in E:\Projects\DLLTest\DLLTest\SSL_Test.cs:line 165
       at DLLTest.SSL_Test.Run() in E:\Projects\DLLTest\DLLTest\SSL_Test.cs:line 21
       at DLLTest.Program.Main(String[] args) in E:\Projects\DLLTest\DLLTest\Program.cs:line 21
       at System.AppDomain._nExecuteAssembly(RuntimeAssembly assembly, String[] args)
       at System.AppDomain.ExecuteAssembly(String assemblyFile, Evidence assemblySecurity, String[] args)
       at Microsoft.VisualStudio.HostingProcess.HostProc.RunUsersAssembly()
       at System.Threading.ThreadHelper.ThreadStart_Context(Object state)
       at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state, Boolean ignoreSyncCtx)
       at System.Threading.ExecutionContext.Run(ExecutionContext executionContext, ContextCallback callback, Object state)
       at System.Threading.ThreadHelper.ThreadStart()
  InnerException: 

如果我交换私钥部分和公钥部分，代码工作和加载数据，我可以只从对象获得公钥信息，例如。 IssuerName，
及其HasPrivateKey为false。为什么？我被误解和做错了什么？

if i swap place of private key section and public key section, the code works and load data, and i can get just public key info from the object, eg. IssuerName, and its HasPrivateKey is false. why? am i misunderstood and doing wrong something?

推荐答案

有一个有关代码项目的文章，其中包含您需要执行此操作的所有代码。

There's an article on the Code Project that has all the code you need to do this. It's just a couple of classes so it's a light-weight solution.

要从PEM文件获取证书或密钥的字节，下面的方法将会正常工作，不管文件中的密钥和证书的顺序如何。

To get the bytes for either a certificate or a key from the PEM file the following method will work, regardless of the order of the key and certificate in the file.

 byte[] GetBytesFromPEM( string pemString, string section )
 {
     var header = String.Format("-----BEGIN {0}-----", section);
     var footer = String.Format("-----END {0}-----", section);

     var start= pemString.IndexOf(header, StringComparison.Ordinal);
     if( start < 0 )
        return null;

     start += header.Length;
     var end = pemString.IndexOf(footer, start, StringComparison.Ordinal) - start;

     if( end < 0 )
        return null;

     return Convert.FromBase64String( pemString.Substring( start, end ) );
 }

将PEM文件加载到字符串中，并调用上述方法获取字节代表证书。接下来你将获得的字节传递给X509Certificate2的构造函数：

Load the PEM file into a string and call the method above to get the bytes that represent the certificate. Next you pass the obtained bytes to the constructor of an X509Certificate2 :

 var pem = System.IO.File.ReadAllText( "c:\\myKey.pem" )
 byte[] certBuffer = GetBytesFromPEM( pem, "CERTIFICATE" );
 var certificate = new X509Certificate2( certBuffer );

从PEM文件加载（RSA）私钥有点复杂，但你会发现支持上述文章中使用 Crypto.DecodeRsaPrivateKey 方法。

Loading the (RSA) private key from the PEM file is a bit more complicated but you'll find support for that in the above mentioned article as well using the Crypto.DecodeRsaPrivateKey method.

这篇关于如何从PEM文件获取私钥？的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！