如何使用python解码SSL证书？ [英] How can I decode a SSL certificate using python?

问题描述

如何使用Python解码pem编码（base64）证书？例如这里来自github.com：

How can I decode a pem-encoded (base64) certificate with Python? For example this here from github.com:

-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE----

根据 ssl-shopper 应该是这样的：

Common Name: github.com
Subject Alternative Names: github.com, www.github.com
Organization: GitHub, Inc.
Locality: San Francisco
State: California
Country: US
Valid From: May 26, 2011
Valid To: July 29, 2013

我如何使用python获取这个明文？

How can I get this plaintext using python?

推荐答案

Python的标准库，即使在最新版本不包括可以解码X.509证书的任何东西。但是，插件 加密 不支持此功能。引用文档中的示例：

Python's standard library, even in the latest version, does not include anything that can decode X.509 certificates. However, the add-on cryptography package does support this. Quoting an example from the documentation:

>>> from cryptography import x509
>>> from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
>>> cert = x509.load_pem_x509_certificate(pem_data, default_backend())
>>> cert.serial_number
2

另一个可能是选项的附加软件包是 pyopenssl 。这是一个围绕OpenSSL C API的薄包装，这意味着它会可能做你想要的，但希望花费几天撕掉你的头发在文档。

Another add-on package that might be an option is pyopenssl. This is a thin wrapper around the OpenSSL C API, which means it will be possible to do what you want, but expect to spend a couple days tearing your hair out at the documentation.

如果你不能安装Python附件包，但你有 openssl 命令行实用程序，

If you can't install Python add-on packages, but you do have the openssl command-line utility,

import subprocess
cert_txt = subprocess.check_output(["openssl", "x509", "-text", "-noout", 
                                    "-in", certificate])

从你的网络实用程序在 cert_txt 。

should produce roughly the same stuff you got from your web utility in cert_txt.

顺便说一下，做一个直线base64解码的原因给你二进制gobbledygook这里有两层编码。 X.509证书是 ASN.1 数据结构，序列化为 X.690 DER 格式，然后，由于DER是一个二进制格式，base64铠装为方便文件传输。 （在九十年代，当你无法可靠地运送除了7位ASCII之外的任何东西时，很多这方面的标准都写得很好。）

Incidentally, the reason doing a straight-up base64 decode gives you binary gobbledygook is that there are two layers of encoding here. X.509 certificates are ASN.1 data structures, serialized to X.690 DER format and then, since DER is a binary format, base64-armored for ease of file transfer. (A lot of the standards in this area were written way back in the nineties when you couldn’t reliably ship anything but seven-bit ASCII around.)

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