具有100％宽度的HTML表格，在tbody内具有垂直滚动 [英] HTML table with 100% width, with vertical scroll inside tbody

问题描述

如何设置< table> 100％宽度，并只放在< tbody>

HTML：

 < table& 
< thead> 
< tr> 
< th>头1< / th> 
< th>头2< / th> 
< th>头3< / th> 
< th>头4< / th> 
< th>头5< / th> 
< / tr> 
< / thead> 
< tbody> 
< tr> 
< td>内容1< / td> 
< td> Content 2< / td> 
< td>内容3< / td> 
< td>内容4< / td> 
< td>内容5< / td> 
< / tr> 
< / tbody> 
< / table> 
  

CSS：

 code> table {
 width：100％; 
 display：block; 
} 
 thead {
 display：inline-block; 
 width：100％; 
 height：20px; 
} 
 tbody {
 height：200px; 
 display：inline-block; 
 width：100％; 
 overflow：auto; 
} 
  

我想避免添加一些额外的div，这和当我试图改变显示，表布局，位置和更多的东西在CSS表不工作只有在px中有固定宽度的100％宽度。

解决方案

为了使< tbody& 元素可滚动，我们需要改变它在页面上显示的方式，即使用 display：block; 将其显示为块级元素。 / p>

由于我们更改 tbody 的显示属性应更改 thead 元素的属性，以防止破坏表布局。

因此，我们有： / p>

  thead，tbody {display：block; } 
 
 tbody {
 height：100px; / *只是为演示* / 
 overflow-y：auto; / *触发垂直滚动* / 
 overflow-x：hidden; / *隐藏水平滚动页面* / 
} 
  

Web浏览器显示 thead 和 tbody 元素 row-group （ table-header-group 和 table-row-group ）。

tr 元素不会填充其容器的整个空间。

为了解决这个问题，以计算 tbody 列的宽度，并通过JavaScript将相应的值应用于 thead 列。

自动宽度列

下面是上述逻辑的jQuery版本：

< pre class =lang-javascript prettyprint-override> //如果需要，更改选择器
var $ table = $（'table'），
$ bodyCells = $ table。 find（'tbody tr：first'）。children（），
colWidth;

//获取tbody列width数组
colWidth = $ bodyCells.map（function（）{
return $（this）.width（）;
} ）。得到（）;

//设置列的宽度
$ table.find（'thead tr'）。children（）。each（function（i，v）{
$ v）.width（colWidth [i]）;
}）;


这里是输出（在Windows 7 Chrome 32上）：

。 p>

---

浏览器支持和替代品

方法在Windows 7上通过新版本的主要Web浏览器（包括IE10 +）和它工作。

但是，它 。

使用100％宽度的表

在此方法中，表的宽度为 100％，每个 th 和 td ， width 属性的值应小于 100％/ cols数量。

此外，我们还需要减少 thead 的 width

为了做到这一点，我们需要使用CSS3 calc（） 函数，如下所示：

  table {
 width：100％; 
 border-spacing：0; 
} 
 
 thead，tbody，tr，th，td {display：block; } 
 
 thead tr {
 / * fallback * / 
 width：97％; 
 / *减滚动条宽度* / 
 width：-webkit-calc（100％ -  16px）; 
 width：-moz-calc（100％ -  16px）; 
 width：calc（100％ -  16px）; 
} 
 
 tr：after {/ * clearing float * / 
 content：''; 
 display：block; 
 visibility：hidden; 
 clear：both; 
} 
 
 tbody {
 height：100px; 
 overflow-y：auto; 
 overflow-x：hidden; 
} 
 
 tbody td，thead th {
 width：19％; / * 19％小于（100％/ 5 cols）= 20％* / 
 float：left; 
} 
  

这里是 在线演示 。

strong>如果每个列的内容突破该行，即每个单元格的内容应该足够短，此方法将会失败。

---

在下面，我有两个简单的例子，我在回答这个问题时创建的纯CSS解决方案 p>

以下是 jsFiddle Demo a> v2 。

旧版本： jsFiddle演示 v1

How can I set for <table> 100% width and put only inside <tbody> vertical scroll for some height?

HTML:

<table>
<thead>
<tr>
    <th>Head 1</th>
    <th>Head 2</th>
    <th>Head 3</th>
    <th>Head 4</th>
    <th>Head 5</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
    <td>Content 1</td>
    <td>Content 2</td>
    <td>Content 3</td>
    <td>Content 4</td>
    <td>Content 5</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

CSS:

table {
    width: 100%;
    display:block;
}
thead {
    display: inline-block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 20px;
}
tbody {
    height: 200px;
    display: inline-block;
    width: 100%;
    overflow: auto;
}

I want to avoid adding some additional div, all I want is simple table like this and when I trying to change display, table-layout, position and much more things in CSS table not working good with 100% width only with fixed width in px.

解决方案

In order to make <tbody> element scrollable, we need to change the way it's displayed on the page i.e. using display: block; to display that as a block level element.

Since we change the display property of tbody, we should change that property for thead element as well to prevent from breaking the table layout.

So we have:

thead, tbody { display: block; }

tbody {
    height: 100px;       /* Just for the demo          */
    overflow-y: auto;    /* Trigger vertical scroll    */
    overflow-x: hidden;  /* Hide the horizontal scroll */
}

Web browsers display the thead and tbody elements as row-group (table-header-group and table-row-group) by default.

Once we change that, the inside tr elements doesn't fill the entire space of their container.

In order to fix that, we have to calculate the width of tbody columns and apply the corresponding value to the thead columns via JavaScript.

Auto Width Columns

Here is the jQuery version of above logic:

// Change the selector if needed
var $table = $('table'),
    $bodyCells = $table.find('tbody tr:first').children(),
    colWidth;

// Get the tbody columns width array
colWidth = $bodyCells.map(function() {
    return $(this).width();
}).get();

// Set the width of thead columns
$table.find('thead tr').children().each(function(i, v) {
    $(v).width(colWidth[i]);
});    

And here is the output (on Windows 7 Chrome 32):

WORKING DEMO.

Full Width Table, Relative Width Columns

As the Original Poster needed, we could expand the table to 100% of width of its container, and then using a relative (Percentage) width for each columns of the table.

table {
    width: 100%; /* Optional */
}

tbody td, thead th {
    width: 20%;  /* Optional */
}

Since the table has a (sort of) fluid layout, we should adjust the width of thead columns when the container resizes.

Hence we should set the columns' widths once the window is resized:

// Adjust the width of thead cells when *window* resizes
$(window).resize(function() {
    /* Same as before */ 
}).resize(); // Trigger the resize handler once the script runs

The output would be:

WORKING DEMO.

---

Browser Support and Alternatives

I've tested the two above methods on Windows 7 via the new versions of major Web Browsers (including IE10+) and it worked.

However, it doesn't work properly on IE9 and below.

That's because in a table layout, all elements should follow the same structural properties.

By using display: block; for the <thead> and <tbody> elements, we've broken the table structure.

Redesign layout via JavaScript

One approach is to redesign the (entire) table layout. Using JavaScript to create a new layout on the fly and handle and/or adjust the widths/heights of the cells dynamically.

For instance, take a look at the following examples:

• jQuery .floatThead() plugin (a floating/locked/sticky table header plugin)
• jQuery Scrollable Table plugin. (source code on github)
• jQuery .FixedHeaderTable() plugin (source code on github)
• DataTables vertical scrolling example.

Nesting tables

This approach uses two nested tables with a containing div. The first table has only one cell which has a div, and the second table is placed inside that div element.

Check the Vertical scrolling tables at CSS Play.

This works on most of web browsers. We can also do the above logic dynamically via JavaScript.

Table with fixed header on scroll

Since the purpose of adding vertical scroll bar to the <tbody> is displaying the table header at the top of each row, we could position the thead element to stay fixed at the top of the screen instead.

Here is a Working Demo of this approach performed by Julien.
It has a promising web browser support.

And here a pure CSS implementation by Willem Van Bockstal.

---

The Pure CSS Solution

Here is the old answer. Of course I've added a new method and refined the CSS declarations.

Table with Fixed Width

In this case, the table should have a fixed width (including the sum of columns' widths and the width of vertical scroll-bar).

Each column should have a specific width and the last column of thead element needs a greater width which equals to the others' width + the width of vertical scroll-bar.

Therefore, the CSS would be:

table {
    width: 716px; /* 140px * 5 column + 16px scrollbar width */
    border-spacing: 0;
}

tbody, thead tr { display: block; }

tbody {
    height: 100px;
    overflow-y: auto;
    overflow-x: hidden;
}

tbody td, thead th {
    width: 140px;
}

thead th:last-child {
    width: 156px; /* 140px + 16px scrollbar width */
}

Here is the output:

WORKING DEMO.

Table with 100% Width

In this approach, the table has a width of 100% and for each th and td, the value of width property should be less than 100% / number of cols.

Also, we need to reduce the width of thead as value of the width of vertical scroll-bar.

In order to do that, we need to use CSS3 calc() function, as follows:

table {
    width: 100%;
    border-spacing: 0;
}

thead, tbody, tr, th, td { display: block; }

thead tr {
    /* fallback */
    width: 97%;
    /* minus scroll bar width */
    width: -webkit-calc(100% - 16px);
    width:    -moz-calc(100% - 16px);
    width:         calc(100% - 16px);
}

tr:after {  /* clearing float */
    content: ' ';
    display: block;
    visibility: hidden;
    clear: both;
}

tbody {
    height: 100px;
    overflow-y: auto;
    overflow-x: hidden;
}

tbody td, thead th {
    width: 19%;  /* 19% is less than (100% / 5 cols) = 20% */
    float: left;
}

Here is the Online Demo.

Note: This approach will fail if the content of each column breaks the line, i.e. the content of each cell should be short enough.

---

In the following, there are two simple example of pure CSS solution which I created at the time I answered this question.

Here is the jsFiddle Demo v2.

Old version: jsFiddle Demo v1

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