Django创建包含Unicode的CSV文件，可以直接使用Excel打开 [英] Django create CSV file that contains Unicode and can be opened directly with Excel

问题描述

我想通过Django创建一个包含unicode数据（希腊字符）的CSV文件，并且我希望它可以从MS Excel直接打开。在其他地方我读过关于unicodecsv库，我决定使用它。所以，这里是我的看法;

 
 def get_csv（request，id）：
 response = HttpResponse（mimetype ='text / csv '）
 response ['Content-Disposition'] ='attach; filename = csv.csv'
 writer = unicodecsv.writer（response，encoding ='utf-16'）
 writer.writerow（['Second row'，'A'，'B'现在，除了utf-16之外，我还有一个特殊的例子：真的尝试了写入器编码参数中的一切，包括utf-8，utf-8-sig，utf-8-le，utf-16-le和其他。与
 
 
 
 Notepad ++可以毫无问题地打开文件，我做错了什么？
 
 
 
更新：这是我在jd的回答后尝试的：
 
 import csv 
 = HttpResponse（mimetype ='text / csv'）
 response ['Content-Disposition'] ='attachment; filename = test.csv'
 response.write（u'\\\'.encode 'utf8'））
 writer = csv.writer（response，delimiter =';'，dialect ='excel'）
 writer.writerow（['Second row'，'A'，'B' ，'C'，'Testing'，ελληνικά]）
返回响应
 
也可以看到BOM（作为grabage）在Excel  - 我也尝试使用unicodecsv和一些其他选项，但再次nothign工作：（
 
 
 
更新2：
我在dda的建议之后尝试过：
 
 writer = unicodecsv.writer（response，delimiter =';'，dialect ='excel'）
 writer.writerow（codecs.BOM_UTF16_LE）
 writer.writerow（[（u'ελληνικά'）。decode（'utf8'）。encode（'utf_16_le'）]）
 
仍然没有运气:(这里是我得到的错误：
 
 UnicodeEncodeError at / csv / 559 
'ascii'编解码器不能编码位置0-7中的字符：序数不在范围内（128）
 
更新3：
我会疯了。为什么这么难？这里是另一个尝试：
 
 response.write（codecs.BOM_UTF16_LE）
 writer = unicodecsv.writer（response，delimiter ='; '，lineterminator ='\\\
'，dialect ='excel'，）
 writer.writerow（'ελληνικ'）
 writer.writerow（['ελληνικά' .encode（'utf_16_le'）]）#A 
 writer.writerow（['ελληνικά2'）。decode（'utf8'）.coding（'utf_16_le'）， '）.encode（'utf_16_le'）]）#B 
 
这里是Excel的内容：
 
㯎㮵㯎㮻㯎㯎㮹㯎઺ελληνικά딊묃묃뜃봃뤃먃갃㈃딻묃묃뜃봃뤃먃갃㈃
 
所以我得到了一些希腊字符与#A线。但线B，这是exaclty相同没有产生我希腊字符$ ^＃$＃^ $＃$＃^ @@％$＃^＃^ $＃$ Pls hlep！ 
解决方案
使用Python的 csv 模块，可以编写UTF-8 
 使用open（'myfile.csv'）文件将Excel文件正确读取。 ，'wb'）as f：
 f.write（u'\\\'.encode（'utf8'））
 writer = csv.writer（f，delimiter =';'，lineterminator = '\\\
'，quoting = csv.QUOTE_ALL，dialect ='excel'）
 ... 
  
 
 $ b b 
这同样适用于 unicodecsv 。我想你可以直接写BOM直接到 HttpResponse 对象，如果不是你可以使用 StringIO 首先写你的文件
 
 
 
下面是一些编写UTF-8的示例代码带非ASCII字符的CSV文件。我把Django从简单的方程。我可以在Excel中读取该文件。
 ＃ -  *  - 编码：utf-8  -  *  -  
 import csv 
 import os 
 response = open（os.path.expanduser（'〜/ utf8_test.csv'），'wb'）
 response.write（u'\\\'.encode 'utf8'））
 writer = csv.writer（response，delimiter =';'，dialect ='excel'）
 writer.writerow（['Second row'，'A'，'B' ，'C'，'Testing'，uελληνικά.encode（'utf8'）]）
 response.close（）
  
 
I want to create a CSV file through Django that contains unicode data (greek characters) and I want it to be opened directly from MS Excel. Elsewhere I had read about the unicodecsv library and I decided to use that. So, here's my view;
def get_csv(request, id):
    response = HttpResponse(mimetype='text/csv')
    response['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename=csv.csv'
    writer = unicodecsv.writer(response, encoding='utf-16"')
    writer.writerow(['Second row', 'A', 'B', 'C', '"Testing"', "ελληνικά"])
    return response
Now, except utf-16, I had really tried everything in the encoding parameter of the writer, including utf-8, utf-8-sig, utf-8-le, utf-16-le and maybe others. Everytime I opened the file with excel I always saw garbage where the greek characters should've been.

Notepad++ was able to open the file without problems. What am I doing wrong ?

Update: Here's what I tried after jd's answer:
import csv
response = HttpResponse(mimetype='text/csv')
response['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename=test.csv'
response.write(u'\ufeff'.encode('utf8'))
writer = csv.writer(response, delimiter=';' , dialect='excel')
writer.writerow(['Second row', 'A', 'B', 'C', '"Testing"', "ελληνικά"])
return response
Still no luck - now I also can see the BOM (as grabage) in Excel - I also tried using unicodecsv and some other options but once again nothign worked :(

Update 2:
I tried this after dda's proposal:
writer = unicodecsv.writer(response, delimiter=';' , dialect='excel')
writer.writerow(codecs.BOM_UTF16_LE)
writer.writerow([ (u'ελληνικά').decode('utf8').encode('utf_16_le')])
Still no luck :( Here's the error I get:
UnicodeEncodeError at /csv/559
'ascii' codec can't encode characters in position 0-7: ordinal not in range(128)
Update 3:
I am going crazy. Why is it so difficult ??? Here's another try:
response.write(codecs.BOM_UTF16_LE)
writer = unicodecsv.writer(response, delimiter=';' ,  lineterminator='\n', dialect='excel',  )
writer.writerow('ελληνικ')
writer.writerow([ ('ελληνικά').decode('utf8').encode('utf_16_le')]) #A
writer.writerow([ ('ελληνικά2').decode('utf8').encode('utf_16_le'),  ('ελληνικά2').decode('utf8').encode('utf_16_le') ]) #B
and here's the contents of the Excel:
㯎㮵㯎㮻㯎㮻㯎㮷㯎㮽㯎㮹㯎઺ελληνικά딊묃묃뜃봃뤃먃갃㈃딻묃묃뜃봃뤃먃갃㈃
So I got some greek characters with the line #A. But line B, which is exaclty the same didn't produce me greek characters $^#$#^$#$#^ @@%$#^#^$#$ Pls hlep ! 
解决方案
With Python's csv module, you can write a UTF-8 file that Excel will read correctly if you place a BOM at the beginning of the file.
with open('myfile.csv', 'wb') as f:
    f.write(u'\ufeff'.encode('utf8'))
    writer = csv.writer(f, delimiter=';', lineterminator='\n', quoting=csv.QUOTE_ALL, dialect='excel')
    ...
The same should work with unicodecsv. I suppose you can write the BOM directly to the HttpResponse object, if not you can use StringIO to first write your file.

Edit:

Here's some sample code that writes a UTF-8 CSV file with non-ASCII characters. I'm taking Django out of the equation for simplicity. I can read that file in Excel.
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import csv
import os
response = open(os.path.expanduser('~/utf8_test.csv'), 'wb')
response.write(u'\ufeff'.encode('utf8'))
writer = csv.writer(response, delimiter=';' , dialect='excel')
writer.writerow(['Second row', 'A', 'B', 'C', '"Testing"', u"ελληνικά".encode('utf8')])
response.close()


                        
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