螺纹“主”螺纹中的异常java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError：gherkin / formatter / Formatter [英] Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: gherkin/formatter/Formatter
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问题描述
我正在学习如何使用Cucumber在JAVA中编写BDD测试脚本。但是，我不断得到上述错误，不知道为什么。我有Cukes Gherkin作为依赖。
I am learning how to write BDD test scripts in JAVA using Cucumber. However, I keep getting the above error and not sure why. I have the Cukes Gherkin as a dependency.
POM
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>Cucumber</groupId>
<artifactId>Cucumber</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
<artifactId>gherkin</artifactId>
<version>1.2.4</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-junit</artifactId>
<version>1.2.4</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-jvm-deps</artifactId>
<version>1.0.5</version>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>com.thoughtworks.xstream</groupId>
<artifactId>xstream</artifactId>
</exclusion>
<exclusion>
<groupId>com.googlecode.java-diff-utils</groupId>
<artifactId>diffutils</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-core</artifactId>
<version>1.2.4</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-java</artifactId>
<version>1.2.4</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
<artifactId>cucumber-picocontainer</artifactId>
<version>1.2.4</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.picocontainer</groupId>
<artifactId>picocontainer</artifactId>
<version>2.15</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>codehaus</id>
<url>http://repository.codehaus.org</url>
</repository>
</repositories>
<profiles>
<profile>
<id>junit-4.12</id>
<properties>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
</properties>
</profile>
</profiles>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.3</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.7</source>
<target>1.7</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.6.1</version>
<configuration>
<filesets>
<fileset>
<directory>.</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.ser</include>
</includes>
</fileset>
</filesets>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
功能
Feature: Letter
Scenario: Check Letter
Given I have the letter "A"
When Icheck the letter "A"
Then I should see an output
package cucumber.steps;
import cucumber.api.CucumberOptions;
import cucumber.api.java.en.*;
import cucumber.api.junit.Cucumber;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
/**
* Created by Dustin on 8/31/2015.
*/
@RunWith(Cucumber.class)
@CucumberOptions(
plugin = {"json-pretty", "html:target/cucumber"},
features = "src/main/java/cucumber/steps/LetterStepDefs"
)
public class LetterStepDefs {
private String letter;
private String message;
@Given("^I have the letter \"([^\"]*)\"$")
public void I_have_the_letter(String letter) throws Throwable {
// Express the Regexp above with the code you wish you had
this.letter = letter;
}
@When("^Icheck the letter \"([^\"]*)\"$")
public void Icheck_the_letter(String letter) throws Throwable {
// Express the Regexp above with the code you wish you had
try
{
Assert.assertEquals(this.letter, letter);
}
catch (Exception exc)
{
message = exc.getMessage();
}
}
@Then("^I should see an output$")
public void I_should_see_an_output() throws Throwable {
// Express the Regexp above with the code you wish you had
System.out.println(message);
}
}
输出
Output
Testing started at 4:41 PM ...
Connected to the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:58473', transport: 'socket'
JUnit version 4.12
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: gherkin/formatter/Formatter
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:800)
at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:142)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:449)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$100(URLClassLoader.java:71)
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:361)
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:355)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:354)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:425)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:308)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:358)
at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:274)
at org.junit.internal.Classes.getClass(Classes.java:16)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCommandLineParseResult.parseParameters(JUnitCommandLineParseResult.java:100)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCommandLineParseResult.parseArgs(JUnitCommandLineParseResult.java:50)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCommandLineParseResult.parse(JUnitCommandLineParseResult.java:44)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.runMain(JUnitCore.java:72)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.main(JUnitCore.java:36)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: gherkin.formatter.Formatter
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:366)
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:355)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:354)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:425)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:308)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:358)
... 20 more
Disconnected from the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:58473', transport: 'socket'
Process finished with exit code 1
任何帮助是非常感谢！
推荐答案
我正在与黄瓜一些硒脚本今天，遇到了类似的问题，正在使用gherkin3 jar文件。
I was working with cucumber with some selenium scripts today and came across a similar issue whenever I was using gherkin3 jar file.
一旦我切换回使用gherkin 2.12.2，问题就消失了。
Once I switch back to using gherkin 2.12.2, the issue went away.
您可以从以下位置下载该jar：
You can download the jar from the following location:
http://search.maven.org/#search%7Cga%7C1%7Cgherkin
这当然值得尝试并检查是否遇到同样的问题。
It is certainly worth trying this and checking if you get the same issue.
我也会尝试运行你的特性文件没有任何方法来检查你是否返回你需要创建的方法，类似于此处的文档中详细描述的内容：
I would also try running your feature file without any methods to check if you get it to return the methods you need to create, similar to the what is detailed in the document here:
http://www.toolsqa.com/cucumber/first-cucumber-selenium-java-test/
你不需要胶水选项，尽管如例子中详细描述的，只需要运行要素文件。
You don't need the glue option though like detailed in the example when you just what to run the feature file.
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