DI和Ioc的工厂方法 [英] Factory method with DI and Ioc

问题描述

我熟悉这些模式，但仍然不知道如何处理以下情况：

I am familiar with these patterns but still don't know how to handle following situation:

public class CarFactory
{
     public CarFactory(Dep1,Dep2,Dep3,Dep4,Dep5,Dep6)
     {

     }

     public ICar CreateCar(type)
     {
            switch(type)
            {
               case A:
                   return new Car1(Dep1,Dep2,Dep3);
               break;

               case B:
                   return new Car2(Dep4,Dep5,Dep6);
               break;
            }
     }
}

一般来说，问题是需要注入的参考数量。当有更多的汽车时，会更糟糕。

In general the problem is with amount of references that needs to be injected. It will be even worse when there are more cars.

我想到的第一种方法是将Car1和Car2注入工厂建造者，但是由于工厂将永远返回相同的对象。第二种方法是注入servicelocator，但它是无处不在的反模式。如何解决？

First approach that comes to my mind is to inject Car1 and Car2 in factory constructor but it is against factory approach because factory will return always the same object. The second approach is to inject servicelocator but it's antipattern everywhere. How to solve it?

编辑：

替代方式1：

public class CarFactory
{
     public CarFactory(IContainer container)
     {
        _container = container;
     }

     public ICar CreateCar(type)
     {
            switch(type)
            {
               case A:
                   return _container.Resolve<ICar1>();
               break;

               case B:
                     return _container.Resolve<ICar2>();
               break;
            }
     }
}

替代方式2（太硬了使用，因为树中的依赖性太多）：

Alternative way 2 (too hard to use because of too many of dependencies in tree):

public class CarFactory
{
     public CarFactory()
     {
     }

     public ICar CreateCar(type)
     {
            switch(type)
            {
               case A:
                   return new Car1(new Dep1(),new Dep2(new Dep683(),new Dep684()),....)
               break;

               case B:
                    return new Car2(new Dep4(),new Dep5(new Dep777(),new Dep684()),....)
               break;
            }
     }
}

推荐答案

在工厂内部有一个switch case语句是一个代码气味。有趣的是，你似乎并没有专注于解决这个问题。

Having a switch case statement inside of a factory is a code smell. Interestingly, you don't seem to be focusing on solving that issue at all.

对于这种情况，最好的最友善的解决方案是策略模式。它允许您的DI容器将依赖项注入到其所属的工厂实例中，而不会使其他类别与这些依赖关系混淆或使用服务定位器。

The best, most DI friendly solution for this scenario is the strategy pattern. It allows your DI container to inject the dependencies into the factory instances where they belong, without cluttering up other classes with those dependencies or resorting to a service locator.

public interface ICarFactory
{
    ICar CreateCar();
    bool AppliesTo(Type type);
}

public interface ICarStrategy
{
    ICar CreateCar(Type type);
}

工厂

Factories

public class Car1Factory : ICarFactory
{
    private readonly IDep1 dep1;
    private readonly IDep2 dep2;
    private readonly IDep3 dep3;

    public Car1Factory(IDep1 dep1, IDep2 dep2, IDep3 dep3)
    {
        if (dep1 == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException("dep1");
        if (dep2 == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException("dep2");
        if (dep3 == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException("dep3");

        this.dep1 = dep1;
        this.dep2 = dep2;
        this.dep3 = dep3;
    }

    public ICar CreateCar()
    {
        return new Car1(this.dep1, this.dep2, this.dep3);
    }

    public bool AppliesTo(Type type)
    {
        return typeof(Car1).Equals(type);
    }
}

public class Car2Factory : ICarFactory
{
    private readonly IDep4 dep4;
    private readonly IDep5 dep5;
    private readonly IDep6 dep6;

    public Car1Factory(IDep4 dep4, IDep5 dep5, IDep6 dep6)
    {
        if (dep4 == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException("dep4");
        if (dep5 == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException("dep5");
        if (dep6 == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException("dep6");

        this.dep4 = dep4;
        this.dep5 = dep5;
        this.dep6 = dep6;
    }

    public ICar CreateCar()
    {
        return new Car2(this.dep4, this.dep5, this.dep6);
    }

    public bool AppliesTo(Type type)
    {
        return typeof(Car2).Equals(type);
    }
}

策略

Strategy

public class CarStrategy : ICarStrategy
{
    private readonly ICarFactory[] carFactories;

    public CarStrategy(ICarFactory[] carFactories)
    {
        if (carFactories == null)
            throw new ArgumentNullException("carFactories");

        this.carFactories = carFactories;
    }

    public ICar CreateCar(Type type)
    {
        var carFactory = this.carFactories
            .FirstOrDefault(factory => factory.AppliesTo(type));

        if (carFactory == null)
        {
            throw new Exception("type not registered");
        }

        return carFactory.CreateCar();
    }
}

用法

Usage

// I am showing this in code, but you would normally 
// do this with your DI container in your composition 
// root, and the instance would be created by injecting 
// it somewhere.
var strategy = new CarStrategy(new ICarFactory[] {
    new Car1Factory(dep1, dep2, dep3),
    new Car2Factory(dep4, dep5, dep6)
    });

// And then once it is injected, you would simply do this.
// Note that you could use a magic string or some other 
// data type as the parameter if you prefer.
var car1 = strategy.CreateCar(typeof(Car1));
var car2 = strategy.CreateCar(typeof(Car2));

请注意，由于没有switch case语句，您可以在策略中添加其他工厂，而无需更改设计，并且每个工厂都可以拥有由DI容器注入的自己的依赖项。

Note that because there is no switch case statement, you can add additional factories to the strategy without changing the design, and each of those factories can have their own dependencies that are injected by the DI container.

var strategy = new CarStrategy(new ICarFactory[] {
    new Car1Factory(dep1, dep2, dep3),
    new Car2Factory(dep4, dep5, dep6),
    new Car3Factory(dep7, dep8, dep9)
    });

var car1 = strategy.CreateCar(typeof(Car1));
var car2 = strategy.CreateCar(typeof(Car2));
var car3 = strategy.CreateCar(typeof(Car3));

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