"拆包"一个传递的字典到Python中的函数的名字空间？ [英] "unpacking" a passed dictionary into the function's name space in Python?

问题描述

在我做的工作中，为了方便起见，我经常有参数需要分组到子集中：

In the work I do, I often have parameters that I need to group into subsets for convenience:

d1 = {'x':1,'y':2}
d2 = {'a':3,'b':4}

我通过传递多个字典来做到这一点。大多数时候我直接使用传递的字典，即：

I do this by passing in multiple dictionaries. Most of the time I use the passed dictionary directly, i.e.:

def f(d1,d2):
    for k in d1:
        blah( d1[k] )

在某些功能中，我需要直接访问变量，事情变得麻烦了;我真的希望这些变量在本地名称空间。我想要这样做：

In some functions I need to access the variables directly, and things become cumbersome; I really want those variables in the local name space. I want to be able to do something like:

def f(d1,d2)
    locals().update(d1)
    blah(x)
    blah(y)    

locals（）返回的字典的更新不能保证实际更新命名空间。

but the updates to the dictionary that locals() returns aren't guaranteed to actually update the namespace.

这是明显的手动方式：

def f(d1,d2):
    x,y,a,b = d1['x'],d1['y'],d2['a'],d2['b']
    blah(x)
    return {'x':x,'y':y}, {'a':a,'b':b}

这将导致每个功能的参数列表重复三次。这可以通过装饰器自动进行：

This results in three repetitions of the parameter list per function. This can be automated with a decorator:

def unpack_and_repack(f):
    def f_new(d1, d2):
        x,y,a,b = f(d1['x'],d1['y'],d2['a'],d3['b'])
        return {'x':x,'y':y}, {'a':a,'b':b}
    return f_new
@unpack
def f(x,y,a,b):
    blah(x)
    blah(y)
    return x,y,a,b

这样做会导致装饰器重复三次，每个功能加上两个重复，所以如果你有很多功能，它会更好。

This results in three repetitions for the decorator, plus two per function, so it's better if you have a lot of functions.

是否有一个更好的方法？也许有什么使用eval？谢谢！

Is there a better way? Maybe something using eval? Thanks!

推荐答案

您可以随时将一个字典作为参数传递给函数。例如，

You can always pass a dictionary as an argument to a function. For instance,

dict = {'a':1, 'b':2}
def myFunc(a=0, b=0, c=0):
    print(a,b,c)
myFunc(**dict)

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