Git配置目录范围，包含多个存储库 [英] Git config with directory scope, containing multiple repositories

问题描述

情况如下：

• 我有多个域，其中我编写代码，例如专业和空闲时间。


• 这些域中的每一个都包含多个Git存储库，位于其中一个域目录中的分层目录结构中。

• I have multiple domains in which I write code, e.g. professional and free time. Those are represented by different directories on my computer.
• Each of those domains contains multiple Git repositories, in a hierarchical directory structure inside one of the domain directories.

每个域名，我想使用不同的电子邮件地址作为作者/提交者信息的一部分。也就是说，我希望我的私人地址被列入我的空闲时间项目，我的公司地址在我的专业地址。

Per domain, I want to use a different email address as part of author/committer information. That is, I want my private address to be listed in my free-time projects and my company address in my professional ones.

git config 知道3个范围：存储库，全局和全系统。 我基本上需要的是存储库和全局之间的第四个范围，代表一组存储库（或只是文件系统中的目录）。

git config knows 3 scopes: repository, global and system-wide. What I basically need is a 4th scope between repository and global, representing a group of repositories (or simply a directory in the file system).

看起来像 git config 不允许。当然，我可以为每个存储库设置电子邮件地址，但是我每次设置或克隆存储库时都希望避免此手动步骤。一个选项是编写一个包含 git init / clone 和 git config 的脚本，还有其他的想法？ / p>

It seems like git config doesn't allow that. Of course I could set the email address per repository, but I want to avoid this manual step every time I set up or clone a repository. One option would be to write a script that wraps git init/clone and git config, are there other ideas?

推荐答案

我想出的解决方案来自于。因为它不是直接适用于我的情况，我修改了钩子的bash脚本和改进了几个部分*。

The solution I came up with is inspired from Scott Weldon's answer. Since it was not directly applicable for my case, I adapted the hook's bash script and improved several parts*.

从主目录中假定以下目录结构：

Assume the following directory structure from the home directory:

~
   .gitconfig           // [init] templatedir
   .git-template
      hooks
         post-checkout  // our bash script
   MyDomain
      .gitconfig        // [user] name, email

最初我让Git知道我的模板目录在哪里。在Windows上，您可能需要指定绝对路径（ C：/Users/MyUser/.git-template ）。

Initially I let Git know where my template directory is. On Windows, you may need to specify the absolute path instead (C:/Users/MyUser/.git-template).

git config --global init.templatedir '~/.git-template'

在〜/ MyDomain / .gitconfig 中，我存储该目录（域）的配置，应该应用对其内的所有存储库及其子目录。

In ~/MyDomain/.gitconfig I store the configuration for that directory (domain), which should be applied to all repositories inside it and its subdirectories.

cd ~/MyDomain
git config --file .gitconfig user.name "My Name"
git config --file .gitconfig user.email "[e-mail]"

有趣的部分是 post-checkout bash脚本，它定义了后检查钩子。我使用一个自定义的 user.inferredConfig 标志只执行一次（在 git clone ），而不是重复（on git checkout ）。当然也可以创建一个单独的文件来表示该状态。

The interesting part is the post-checkout bash script, which defines the post-checkout hook. I used a custom user.inferredConfig flag to execute it only once (on git clone), not repeatedly (on git checkout). It would of course also be possible to create a separate file to represent that state.

#!/bin/bash

# Git post-checkout hook for automated use of directory-local git config
# https://stackoverflow.com/a/40450106

# Check for custom git-config flag, to execute hook only once on clone, not repeatedly on every checkout
if grep -q "inferredConfig" .git/config
then
    exit
fi

# Automatically set Git config values from parent folders.
echo "Infer Git configuration from directory..."

# Go upwards in directory hierarchy, examine all .gitconfig files we find
# Allows to have multiple nested .gitconfig files with different scopes
dir=$(pwd)
configFiles=()
while [ "$dir" != "/" ]
do
    # Skip first directory (the newly created Git repo)
    dir=$(dirname "$dir")
    if [ -f "$dir/.gitconfig" ]
    then
        configFiles+=("$dir/.gitconfig")
    fi
done

# Iterate through configFiles array in reverse order, so that more local configurations override parent ones
for (( index=${#configFiles[@]}-1 ; index>=0 ; index-- )) ; do
    gitconfig="${configFiles[index]}"

    echo "* From $gitconfig:"
    # Iterate over each line in found .gitconfig file
    output=$(git config --file "$gitconfig" --list)
    while IFS= read -r line
    do
        # Split line into two parts, separated by '='
        IFS='=' read key localValue <<< "$line"

        # For values that differ from the parent Git configuration, adjust the local one
        parentValue=$(git config $key)
        if [ "$parentValue" != "$localValue" ]
        then
            echo "  * $key: $localValue"
            git config "$key" "$localValue"
        fi
    done <<< "$output"

    # Set custom flag that we have inferred the configuration, so that future checkouts don't need to do it
    git config user.inferredConfig 1
done

---

*：原始代码的更改包括： / p>

---

*: The changes from the original code include:

1. 适用于路径中的空格（在Windows上特别有用）


2. 解析来自 .gitconfig 正确（不要读取 for ，使用循环读取而不是）


3. 检查 .gitconfig 从根目录到本地目录的文件，而不是副-versa


4. 仅在初始克隆时调用钩子，而不是在每次结帐时调用钩子


5. 输出在 git上应用的配置设置克隆

1. Works with spaces in paths (especially interesting on Windows)
2. Parses key-value pairs from .gitconfig correctly (don't read lines with for, iterate with while read instead)
3. Checks .gitconfig files from root to local directory, not vice-versa
4. Invokes hook only at initial clone, not at every checkout
5. Output the config settings that are applied on git clone

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