Django休息框架，在同一个ModelViewSet中使用不同的序列化程序 [英] Django rest framework, use different serializers in the same ModelViewSet

问题描述

我想提供两个不同的序列化器，但是可以从 ModelViewSet 的所有设施中受益：

I would like to provide two different serializers and yet be able to benefit from all the facilities of ModelViewSet:

• 当查看对象列表时，我希望每个对象具有一个重定向到其详细信息的url，并且使用 _ _ unicode _ _ 目标模型;示例：
  

• When viewing a list of objects, I would like each object to have an url which redirects to its details and every other relation appear using _ _ unicode _ _ of the target model; example:

[
    {
        "membri": [
            "emilio", 
            "michele", 
            "luisa", 
            "ivan", 
            "saverio"
        ],
        "creatore": "emilio", 
        "url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/database/gruppi/2/", 
        "nome": "universitari", 
        "descrizione": "unitn!", 
        "accesso": "CHI"
    }
]  

查看对象的详细信息时，我想使用默认的 HyperlinkedModelSerializer ，例如：

When viewing the details of an object, I would like to use the default HyperlinkedModelSerializer, example:

{
    "url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/database/gruppi/2/", 
    "nome": "universitari", 
    "descrizione": "unitn!", 
    "creatore": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/database/utenti/3/", 
    "accesso": "CHI", 
    "membri": [
        "http://127.0.0.1:8000/database/utenti/3/", 
        "http://127.0.0.1:8000/database/utenti/4/", 
        "http://127.0.0.1:8000/database/utenti/5/", 
        "http://127.0.0.1:8000/database/utenti/6/", 
        "http://127.0.0.1:8000/database/utenti/7/"
    ]
}

我按照以下方式设法完成所有这些工作：

I managed to make all this work as I wish in the following way:

serializers.py

# serializer to use when showing a list
class ListaGruppi(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
    membri = serializers.RelatedField(many = True)
    creatore = serializers.RelatedField(many = False)

    class Meta:
        model = models.Gruppi

# serializer to use when showing the details
class DettaglioGruppi(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Gruppi

views.py

class DualSerializerViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    """
    ViewSet providing different serializers for list and detail views.

    Use list_serializer and detail_serializer to provide them
    """
    def list(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.serializer_class = self.list_serializer
        return viewsets.ModelViewSet.list(self, *args, **kwargs)

    def retrieve(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.serializer_class = self.detail_serializer
        return viewsets.ModelViewSet.retrieve(self, *args, **kwargs)

class GruppiViewSet(DualSerializerViewSet):
    model = models.Gruppi
    list_serializer = serializers.ListaGruppi
    detail_serializer = serializers.DettaglioGruppi

    # etc.

基本上，我检测到用户正在请求列表视图或详细视图并更改 serializer_class 以满足我的需要，但我对此代码并不满意，看起来像一个肮脏的黑客，最重要的是，如果两个用户在同一时间请求一个列表和一个细节怎么办？

Basically I detect when the user is requesting a list view or a detailed view and change serializer_class to suit my needs. I am not really satisfied with this code though, it looks like a dirty hack and, most importantly, what if two users request a list and a detail at the same moment?

有没有更好的方法来实现这个使用 ModelViewSets 或者我必须使用 GenericAPIView ？

Is there a better way to achieve this using ModelViewSets or do I have to fall back using GenericAPIView?

编辑：

以下是如何使用一个定制基础 ModelViewSet ：

class MultiSerializerViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    serializers = { 
        'default': None,
    }

    def get_serializer_class(self):
            return self.serializers.get(self.action,
                        self.serializers['default'])

class GruppiViewSet(MultiSerializerViewSet):
    model = models.Gruppi

    serializers = {
        'list':    serializers.ListaGruppi,
        'detail':  serializers.DettaglioGruppi,
        # etc.
    }

推荐答案

覆盖您的 get_serializer_class 方法。您的模型mixins中使用此方法来检索正确的Serializer类。

Override your get_serializer_class method. This method is used in your model mixins to retrieve the proper Serializer class.

请注意，还有一个 get_serializer 方法返回正确的实例 Serializer

Note that there is also a get_serializer method which returns an instance of the correct Serializer

class DualSerializerViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    def get_serializer_class(self):
        if self.action == 'list':
            return serializers.ListaGruppi
        if self.action == 'retrieve':
            return serializers.DettaglioGruppi
        return serializers.Default # I dont' know what you want for create/destroy/update.                

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