在Django项目/应用程序中如何组织和加载CSS？ [英] How to organize and load CSS within Django project/app?

问题描述

我刚刚到Django。我阅读了文档，我从根本上与媒体根文件和静态根文件混淆，我应该将我的CSS文件与我的javascript文件一起放在一起。你能指点我正确的方向吗？

项目设置：

 项目
 -myapp 
 -model，查看和测试
 -template 
  -  base.html 
  -  index.html 
  -  view1 
  -  view2 
  -  media 
  -  css 
  - style.css 
  -  ie.css 
  -  js 
  -  img 
 
 -setting.py 
 -url.py 
  

我的static_url，static_root，media_url，media_root，STATICFILES_DIRS和STATICFILES_FINDERS应该怎么样？

我当前加载我的css文件是通过以下的base.html：

  {％load staticfiles％ } 
< link rel =stylesheettype =text / csshref ={％static user_stylesheet％}type =text / cssmedia =screen/> 
  

那么什么是管理我的静态文件的最好和最有效/正确的方式？
感谢大家的帮助。我很感激你的时间和精力。

解决方案

静态文件是一个简单的过程：

• Django将在 INSTALLED_APPS 中的任何应用程序中搜索名为 static / 的目录/ code>为静态文件。如果您的文件没有绑定到任何应用程序，您可以将它们放在单独的目录中。该目录应该添加到 STATICFILES_DIRS （一个元组），所以django知道它。在你的情况下，你应该有 STATICFILES_DIRS =（'/ home / user / Project / template / media'，）




• 将 django.contrib.staticfiles 添加到您的 INSTALLED_APPS

现在，如果您使用 runserver 进行测试，请打开您的 urls.py 并将django.contrib.staticfiles.urls中的 import staticfiles_urlpatterns 添加到顶部，并在所有URL定义完毕后，在文件末尾，添加 urlpatterns + = staticfiles_urlpatterns（）

您已经有正确的方法访问您的问题中的静态文件。另一种方法是使用 {{STATIC_URL}} ，并确保使用 RequestContext 发送回复。如果您使用基于类的视图，则不必更改任何内容。对于其他正常的视图方法，只需使用 呈现快捷方式。

---

STATIC_URL 和 STATIC_ROOT 在部署时派上用场。

• STATIC_URL 是您的Web服务器已配置的URL前缀指向系统中具有静态文件的位置。这是一个 url组件，而必须以斜线结尾。例如 / static /




• STATIC_ROOT 这是系统上目录的路径。当您准备好部署时，运行 collectstatic 命令，django将找到所有静态文件，并将它们转储到 STATIC_ROOT 。然后，您可以将此目录放在您的Web服务器配置的 DOCUMENT_ROOT 文件夹中。然后，将 / static / URL指向此文件夹。例如 STATIC_ROOT = / home / user / project / www /

如果Apache配置了 DOCUMENT_ROOT / var / www / ，而您的 STATIC_URL 设置为 / static / ;运行 collectstatic 后，将文件夹 / home / user / project / www / 的内容移动到的/ var / WWW /静态/ 。

---

• STATICFILES_FINDERS 。此设置列出了运行 collectstatic 时django可用于搜索静态文件的方法，通常您根本不会修改此选项。

---

• MEDIA_ROOT ， MEDIA_URL 。这些设置控制文件系统位置，以及使用django 上传的任何文件的URL前缀;这些 不能与 STATICFILES_DIRS 相同。您需要手动处理，因为 collectstatic 不会触及这些位置。如果您正在开发中测试文件上传，可以使用 django.views.static.serve（） 从 MEDIA * 。

I'm new to Django. I read the Documentation and I am literally confused with media root files and static root files and where I should be placing my css files along with my javascript files.

Can you guys point me in the correct direction? Project setup:

Project
     -myapp
         -model,view,and test
     -template
         - base.html
         - index.html
         - view1
         - view2
         - media
             - css
                 - style.css
                 - ie.css
             - js
             - img

     -setting.py
     -url.py

What should my static_url, static_root, media_url , media_root, STATICFILES_DIRS and STATICFILES_FINDERS look like?

How I currently load my css file is through the base.html with the following:

{% load staticfiles %}
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% static user_stylesheet %}"type="text/css" media="screen"/>

So what is the best and most efficient/correct way of managing my static files? Thank you everybody for your help. I appreciate your time and effort.

解决方案

Static files are a simple process:

• Django will search for a directory named static/ inside any app that is in INSTALLED_APPS for static files. If you have files that are not tied to any app, you can put them in a separate directory. This directory should be added to STATICFILES_DIRS (a tuple) so django is aware of it. In your case you should have STATICFILES_DIRS = ('/home/user/Project/template/media',)

• Add django.contrib.staticfiles to your INSTALLED_APPS

Now, if you are testing this with runserver, open your urls.py and add from django.contrib.staticfiles.urls import staticfiles_urlpatterns to the top, and after all your URLs are defined, at the end of the file, add urlpatterns += staticfiles_urlpatterns()

You already have the correct method of accessing static files in your question. The other way is to use {{ STATIC_URL }}, and make sure you are sending your responses with RequestContext. If you are using class based views, you don't have to change anything. For your other normal view methods, just use the render shortcut.

---

STATIC_URL and STATIC_ROOT come in handy when you are deploying.

• STATIC_URL is the URL prefix that your web server has been configured with to point to the location in the system that has your static files. This is a url component and must end in a slash. For example /static/

• STATIC_ROOT this is a path to a directory on your system. When you are ready to deploy, run the collectstatic command and django will find all your static files and dump them in the directory pointed to by STATIC_ROOT. Then you can take this directory, put it in your DOCUMENT_ROOT folder that your web server is configured with. Then, point the /static/ URL to this folder. Example is STATIC_ROOT = /home/user/project/www/

If Apache is configured with a DOCUMENT_ROOT of /var/www/, and your STATIC_URL setting is /static/; after you run collectstatic, move the contents of the folder /home/user/project/www/ to /var/www/static/.

---

• STATICFILES_FINDERS. This setting lists methods that django can use to search for your static files when you run collectstatic, and you normally don't modify this at all.

---

• MEDIA_ROOT, MEDIA_URL. These settings control the file system location, and the URL prefix of any files that are uploaded using django; these cannot be the same as STATICFILES_DIRS. You need to handle this manually as collectstatic will not touch these locations. If you are testing file uploads in development, you can use django.views.static.serve() to serve files from MEDIA*.

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