Django:如何清理表单域并避免代码复制 [英] Django: how to cleanup form fields and avoid code duplication

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问题描述

通常我需要在使用它之前过滤一些表单数据(保存到数据库等)。假设我想在大多数文本字段中以多种形式删除空格并替换重复的空格。使用 clean_< fieldname> 方法执行此操作并不困难:

  #两个文本字段的简化模型
class MyModel(models.Model):
title = models.CharField()
description = models.CharField()

#基于模型的表单
class MyForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = MyModel

def clean_title(self):
title = self.cleaned_data ['title']
return re.sub(r'\s {2,}','',title.strip())

def clean_description(self) :
description = self.cleaned_data ['description']
return re.sub(r'\s {2,}','',description.strip())

它完全符合我所需要,并且有一个很好的副作用,我喜欢:如果用户只输入空格,该字段将被认为是空的,因此无效(如果需要的话),甚至不需要抛出一个 ValidationError



这里的明显问题是代码重复。即使我会为此创建一些功能,例如 my_text_filter ,我必须为所有表单中的每个文本字段调用它:

从$ m code code code code 
$ model = MyModel

def clean_title(self):
return my_text_filter(self.cleaned_data ['title'])

def clean_description(self):
return my_text_filter(self.cleaned_data ['description'])

问题是:是否有任何标准和在Django中简单的方法(如果有重要的话,我使用1.2版本)来做(例如,通过添加属性 validators = {'title':my_text_filter,'description':my_text_filter} MyModel ),或至少有一些或多或少的标准解决方法?我已经阅读了文档中的表单验证和验证器,但是找不到我需要的内容。

解决方案

知道Django没有任何原生解决方案来解决你的问题。
我可以只显示我为自己解决这个问题。
我建议您为您的ModelForm使用装饰器
这里的工作代码(我也使用日志模块):

  #DECORATOR 
def applyValidators(model_form):
def apply(* args,** kwargs):
try:
if hasattr(model_form.Meta.model,validators):
for field_name,fnc in model_form.Meta.model.validators.items():
setattr(model_form,clean_%s%field_name,fnc)
除了异常,err:
log.error(str(err))
return model_form(* args,** kwargs)
return apply

#VALIDATORS
def validator(* args,* * kwargs)
返回SOMEVALUE

#MODEL
class MyModel(models.Model):
#你的字段
..... ..
.......
.......

#VALIDATE DICT
validators = {username:验证器,电子邮件:validator}

#MODEL FORM
@applyValidators
class MyModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = M yModel
.......
.......
.......


Quite often I need to filter some form data before using it (saving to database etc.) Let's say I want to strip whitespaces and replace repeating whitespaces with a single one in most of the text fields, in many forms. It's not difficult to do this using clean_<fieldname> methods:

# Simplified model with two text fields
class MyModel(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField()
    description = models.CharField()

# Model-based form
class MyForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = MyModel

    def clean_title(self):
        title = self.cleaned_data['title']
        return re.sub(r'\s{2,}', ' ', title.strip())

    def clean_description(self):
        description = self.cleaned_data['description']
        return re.sub(r'\s{2,}', ' ', description.strip())

It does exactly what I need, and has a nice side effect which I like: if user enters only whitespaces, the field will be considered empty and therefore invalid (if it is required) and I don't even have to throw a ValidationError.

The obvious problem here is code duplication. Even if I'll create some function for that, say my_text_filter, I'll have to call it for every text field in all my forms:

from myproject.filters import my_text_filter

class MyForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = MyModel

    def clean_title(self):
        return my_text_filter(self.cleaned_data['title'])

    def clean_description(self):
        return my_text_filter(self.cleaned_data['description'])

The question: is there any standard and simple way in Django (I use version 1.2 if that matters) to do this (like, for example, by adding property validators = {'title': my_text_filter, 'description': my_text_filter} to MyModel), or at least some more or less standard workaround? I've read about form validation and validators in the documentation, but couldn't find what I need there.

解决方案

as i know Django don't have any native solutions to resolve you question. I can show only how i resolve this problem for myself. I advice you to use decorator for you ModelForm. Here the working code(also i use logging module):

#DECORATOR
def applyValidators(model_form):
    def apply(*args,**kwargs):
        try:
            if hasattr(model_form.Meta.model,"validators"):
                for field_name,fnc in model_form.Meta.model.validators.items():
                    setattr(model_form,"clean_%s" % field_name,fnc)
        except Exception,err:
            logging.error(str(err))
        return model_form(*args,**kwargs)
    return apply

#VALIDATORS
def validator(*args,**kwargs):
    return "SOMEVALUE"

#MODEL
class MyModel(models.Model):
    #Your fields
    .......
    .......
    .......

    #VALIDATE DICT
    validators = {"username":validator,"email":validator}    

#MODEL FORM
@applyValidators
class MyModelForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = MyModel
    .......
    .......
    .......

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