如何在我的Django的views.py中提出ValidationError（或做类似的事情）？ [英] How do I raise a ValidationError (or do something similar) in views.py of my Django?

问题描述

我正在使用Django表单。我在模型层验证：

  def clean_title（self）：
 title = self.cleaned_data [' title'] 
 if len（title）< 5：
 raise forms.ValidationError（标题必须超过5个字符）
返回标题
  

但是，有些事情需要在 views.py 中进行验证。例如...是用户最后一次在一分钟前发布的内容？

这种东西需要request.user，模型层无法获取。所以，我必须在views.py中验证。如何在views.py中执行某些操作呢？

  raise forms.ValidationError（标题必须超过5个字符）
  

解决方案

我认为gruszczy的答案是一个很好的答案，但如果你经过泛型验证涉及变量，你认为只在视图中可用，这里有一个替代方法：将vars作为参数传递给表单，并以表单的main（）方法处理它们。

这里的区别/优点是，您的观点保持简单，与表单内容相关的所有内容都可以接受。

例如：

 ＃在您的VIEW 
＃pass request.user作为关键字参数窗体
 myform = MyForm（user = request.user）
 
 
＃在您的forms.py 
＃顶部：
 
从myapp.foo.bar导入ok_to_post＃一些抽象的实用程序你写速率限制发布
 
＃和你的特定表单定义
 
类MyForm（forms.Form） 
 
 ...你的字段在这里... 
 
 def __init __（self，* args，** kwargs）：
 self.user = kwargs.pop（ 'user'）＃缓存您传递的用户对象
 super（MyForm，self）.__ init __（* args，** kwargs）＃并继续初始化
 
 
 def clean（self）：
＃通过传入缓存的用户对象来测试速率限制
 
如果不是ok_to_post（self.user）：＃使用你的节流实用程序
 raise forms.ValidationError（你不能每x分钟发一次）
 
 return self.cleaned_data＃永远不会忘记这个！ ; o）
  

请注意，提出一个通用的 ValidationError 在 clean（）方法将错误放入 myform.non_field_errors ，所以你必须确保您的模板包含 {{form.non_field_errors}} 如果您手动显示您的表单

I'm using Django forms. I'm validating in the model layer:

def clean_title(self):
    title = self.cleaned_data['title']
    if len(title)  < 5:
        raise forms.ValidationError("Headline must be more than 5 characters.")
    return title

However, there are some things that I need to validate in the views.py . For example...was the last time the user posted something more than a minute ago?

That kind of stuff requires request.user, which the models layer cannot get. So, I must validate in the views.py. How do I do something in the views.py to do the exact thing as this?

raise forms.ValidationError("Headline must be more than 5 characters.")

解决方案

I think gruszczy's answer is a good one, but if you're after generic validation involving variables that you think are only available in the view, here's an alternative: pass in the vars as arguments to the form and deal with them in the form's main clean() method.

The difference/advantage here is that your view stays simpler and all things related to the form content being acceptable happen in the form.

eg:

# IN YOUR VIEW 
# pass request.user as a keyword argument to the form
myform = MyForm(user=request.user)


# IN YOUR forms.py
# at the top:

from myapp.foo.bar import ok_to_post # some abstracted utility you write to rate-limit posting 

# and in your particular Form definition

class MyForm(forms.Form)

   ... your fields here ...

   def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
      self.user = kwargs.pop('user')  # cache the user object you pass in
      super(MyForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)  # and carry on to init the form


   def clean(self):
      # test the rate limit by passing in the cached user object

      if not ok_to_post(self.user):  # use your throttling utility here
          raise forms.ValidationError("You cannot post more than once every x minutes")

      return self.cleaned_data  # never forget this! ;o)

Note that raising a generic ValidationError in the clean() method will put the error into myform.non_field_errors so you'll have to make sure that your template contains {{form.non_field_errors}} if you're manually displaying your form

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