根据请求类型更改Django REST Framework ModelSerializer中的一个字段？ [英] Change a field in a Django REST Framework ModelSerializer based on the request type?

问题描述

考虑这种情况，我有一个书和作者模型。

Consider this case where I have a Book and Author model.

serializers.py

serializers.py

class AuthorSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:
        model = models.Author
        fields = ('id', 'name')

class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    author = AuthorSerializer(read_only=True)

    class Meta:
        model = models.Book
        fields = ('id', 'title', 'author')

viewsets.py

viewsets.py

class BookViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

如果我发送一本书的 GET 请求，这很好用。我得到一个包含嵌套序列化器的输出，其中包含书籍详细信息和嵌套作者详细信息，这是我想要的。

This works great if I send a GET request for a book. I get an output with a nested serializer containing the book details and the nested author details, which is what I want.

但是，当我想要创建/更新一本书时，我必须发送一个 POST / PUT / PATCH 与作者的嵌套细节，而不是他们的id。我想通过指定一个作者id而不是整个作者对象来创建/更新一个书对象。

However, when I want to create/update a book, I have to send a POST/PUT/PATCH with the nested details of the author instead of just their id. I want to be able to create/update a book object by specifying a author id and not the entire author object.

所以，我的序列化程序看起来像这样一个 GET 请求

So, something where my serializer looks like this for a GET request

class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    author = AuthorSerializer(read_only=True)

    class Meta:
        model = models.Book
        fields = ('id', 'title', 'author')

和我的序列化程序看起来像一个 POST ， PUT ， PATCH 请求

and my serializer looks like this for a POST, PUT, PATCH request

class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    author = PrimaryKeyRelatedField(queryset=Author.objects.all())

    class Meta:
        model = models.Book
        fields = ('id', 'title', 'author')

我也不想为每种类型的请求创建两个完全独立的序列化程序。我想修改 BookSerializer 中的作者字段。

I also do not want to create two entirely separate serializers for each type of request. I'd like to just modify the author field in the BookSerializer.

最后，是否有更好的方法来做这件事？

Lastly, is there a better way of doing this entire thing?

推荐答案

多个串行器只会产生越来越多的混乱。

IMHO, multiple serializers are only going to create more and more confusion.

相反，我更喜欢以下解决方案：

Rather I would prefer below solution:

1. 不要更改您的视图（保留默认值）


2. 在序列化程序中添加.validate（）方法;以及其他所需的.create或.update（）等。这里，真正的逻辑将在
   validate（）方法中。根据请求类型，我们将根据我们的序列化程序创建
   validated_data dict。

我认为这是最干净的方法。

I think this is the cleanest approach.

在 DRF：允许GET请求中的所有字段，但将POST限制为仅一个字段

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