使用Django Rest框架来序列化自定义数据类型并返回响应 [英] using Django Rest framework to serialize custom data types and return response

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问题描述

Django Rest框架中的大部分教程都解释了如何使用Django模型和进行CRUD操作。这是一个 GET 请求用户模型返回JSON格式的用户对象的属性,如果我使用JSON序列化程序。



我正在设计我的Django应用程序来处理查询并返回响应。
例如,我提供一个REST API来获取以下查询的结果



给我的用户名和部门的工资比XXX / p>

这是我的Django模型:

  class UserProfile(AbstractUser): 
age = models.PositiveIntegerField(_(age))
salary = models.PositiveIntegerField(_(salary))

AUTH_USER_MODEL =profiles.UserProfile
User = get_user_model()

类部门(models.Model):
users = models.ForeignKey(用户)
dept_name = models.CharField(max_length = 30)

现在我有以下DTO(数据传输对象):

  class CustomResponse(object):

def __init __(self,user_name,salary,dept_name):
self.user_name = user_name
self.salary = salary
self.dept_name = dept_name

在我的REST服务使用DRF实现,我想要fo

  @api_view(['GET'])
def getNameandDept(salary):
users = User.objects.filter(salary__gt = salary)
toreturn = []
用户的用户:
response = CustomResponse(user.first_name,user.salary,user.dept_name)
to_return.append(response)
return响应(to_return)

我不知道是使用Django休息框架提供的工具来实现上述方法的正确方法。



我期待这样的回应

  [{user_name:matt,salary:5000,dept_name:ENG},{user_name:smith,salary:4000,dept_name :HR} ....] 

谢谢



编辑



我希望DRF为这种序列化提供开箱即用的工具。我一直在使用JAX-RS API(运动衫和RESTeasy)进行这个序列化。

解决方案

您不需要REST框架。所有你需要的是定义一个 serializer 类,而不是你拥有的 CustomResponse



serializers.py

  from django.core.serializers.json import Serializer 

class UserSerializer(Serializer):
def get_dump_object(self,obj):
mapped_object = {
'user_name': obj.first_name,
'salary':obj.salary,
'dept_name':obj.dept_name
}

return mapped_object

然后在您的 views.py



$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =工资)
serializer = UserSerializer()
返回HttpResponse(serializer.serialize(users),mimetype ='application / json')

不要忘记定义 urls.py

  url(r'^ users /(?P< salary> \d +)$',views.getNameandDept,name ='getNameandDept'),

PS。您绝对可以使用DRF进行此操作。这是一个基本的 GET 调用(通过工资过滤对序列化程序没有影响),所以你需要做的就是定义一个 ModelSerializer 只有三个字段的子类

  class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta :
model = User
fields =('first_name','salary','dept_name')

然后序列化输出(注意稍微不同的语法)

  serializer = UserSerializer(users)
return响应(serializer.data)


Most of the tutorials on Django Rest Framework explains using the Django models and doing CRUD operations. That is a GET request on user model returns the attributes of user object in JSON format if I use JSON serializer.

I am designing my Django application to process a query and return response. For example, I provide a REST API to get the results of the following query

"Get me the user first name and department whose salary than XXX"

Here are my Django models:

class UserProfile(AbstractUser):
    age = models.PositiveIntegerField(_("age"))
    salary=models.PositiveIntegerField(_("salary"))

AUTH_USER_MODEL = "profiles.UserProfile"
User = get_user_model()

class Department(models.Model):
      users=models.ForeignKey(User)
      dept_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)

Now I have the following DTO (Data transfer object):

class CustomResponse(object):

def __init__(self, user_name, salary, dept_name):
      self.user_name = user_name
      self.salary = salary
      self.dept_name=dept_name

In my REST service implemented using DRF, I want the following

@api_view(['GET'])
def getNameandDept(salary):
    users=User.objects.filter(salary__gt=salary)
    toreturn=[]
    for user in users:
        response=CustomResponse(user.first_name,user.salary,user.dept_name)
        to_return.append(response)
    return Response(to_return)

I am not sure what is the right way to implement the above, with the tools that Django rest framework provide.

I am expecting the response something like this

[{user_name:"matt", salary:"5000", dept_name:"ENG"},{user_name:"smith",salary:"4000", dept_name:"HR"}....]

Thanks

EDIT

I was hoping DRF provides out of box tool for this kind of serialization. I have been using JAX-RS API (jersey and RESTeasy) that does this serialization.

解决方案

You don't really need the REST Framework for this. All you need is to define a serializer class instead of the CustomResponse that you have.

in serializers.py

from django.core.serializers.json import Serializer

class UserSerializer(Serializer):
    def get_dump_object(self, obj):
        mapped_object = {
            'user_name': obj.first_name,
            'salary': obj.salary,
            'dept_name': obj.dept_name
        }

        return mapped_object

then in your views.py

from myapp.serializers import UserSerializer

def getNameandDept(request, salary):
    users = User.objects.filter(salary__gt=salary)
    serializer = UserSerializer()
    return HttpResponse(serializer.serialize(users), mimetype='application/json')

Don't forget to define the salary argument in your urls.py

url(r'^users/(?P<salary>\d+)$', views.getNameandDept, name='getNameandDept'),

PS. You absolutely can do this with the DRF as well. It is a basic GET call (the filtering by salary has no effect on the serializer), so all you need to do there is define a ModelSerializer subclass with just the three fields

class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ('first_name', 'salary', 'dept_name')

and then serialize the output (note the slightly different syntax)

serializer = UserSerializer(users)
return Response(serializer.data)

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