遵循第一个Django应用程序教程，我无法执行runserver命令 [英] Following the First Django App tutorial and I can't execute the runserver command

问题描述

我无法让django服务器运行。我一直在追踪这个教程，我没有运气。每当我运行命令 python manage.py runserver 我得到以下内容：

I can't get the django server to run. I've been following this tutorial and I'm having no luck. Whenever I run the command python manage.py runserver I get the following:

Validating models...

Unhandled exception in thread started by <bound method Command.inner_run of <django.contrib.staticfiles.management.commands.runserver.Command object at 0x1005d5950>>
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/core/management/commands/runserver.py", line 92, in inner_run
    self.validate(display_num_errors=True)
  File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 280, in validate
    num_errors = get_validation_errors(s, app)
  File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/core/management/validation.py", line 35, in get_validation_errors
    for (app_name, error) in get_app_errors().items():
  File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/db/models/loading.py", line 166, in get_app_errors
    self._populate()
  File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/db/models/loading.py", line 72, in _populate
    self.load_app(app_name, True)
  File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/db/models/loading.py", line 96, in load_app
    models = import_module('.models', app_name)
  File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/utils/importlib.py", line 35, in import_module
    __import__(name)
  File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 21, in <module>
    from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
  File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/contrib/contenttypes/models.py", line 127, in <module>
    class ContentType(models.Model):
  File "/Library/Python/2.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 97, in __new__
    new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, **kwargs))
TypeError: Error when calling the metaclass bases
    __init__() keywords must be strings

任何输入都将是一个很大的帮助。我正在使用Mac 10.6和使用Python 2.6.1
我已经尝试重新安装django和python。

Any input would be a big help. I'm working on Mac 10.6 and using Python 2.6.1 I've tried reinstalling django and python.

编辑：这是我的模型的代码。 py文件。

Here's the code to my models.py file.

from django.db import models
from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
from django.utils.encoding import smart_text, force_text
from django.utils.encoding import python_2_unicode_compatible

class ContentTypeManager(models.Manager):

# Cache to avoid re-looking up ContentType objects all over the place.
# This cache is shared by all the get_for_* methods.
_cache = {}

def get_by_natural_key(self, app_label, model):
    try:
        ct = self.__class__._cache[self.db][(app_label, model)]
    except KeyError:
        ct = self.get(app_label=app_label, model=model)
        self._add_to_cache(self.db, ct)
    return ct

def _get_opts(self, model, for_concrete_model):
    if for_concrete_model:
        model = model._meta.concrete_model
    elif model._deferred:
        model = model._meta.proxy_for_model
    return model._meta

def _get_from_cache(self, opts):
    key = (opts.app_label, opts.object_name.lower())
    return self.__class__._cache[self.db][key]

def get_for_model(self, model, for_concrete_model=True):
    """
    Returns the ContentType object for a given model, creating the
    ContentType if necessary. Lookups are cached so that subsequent lookups
    for the same model don't hit the database.
    """
    opts = self._get_opts(model, for_concrete_model)
    try:
        ct = self._get_from_cache(opts)
    except KeyError:
        # Load or create the ContentType entry. The smart_text() is
        # needed around opts.verbose_name_raw because name_raw might be a
        # django.utils.functional.__proxy__ object.
        ct, created = self.get_or_create(
            app_label = opts.app_label,
            model = opts.object_name.lower(),
            defaults = {'name': smart_text(opts.verbose_name_raw)},
        )
        self._add_to_cache(self.db, ct)

    return ct

def get_for_models(self, *models, **kwargs):
    """
    Given *models, returns a dictionary mapping {model: content_type}.
    """
    for_concrete_models = kwargs.pop('for_concrete_models', True)
    # Final results
    results = {}
    # models that aren't already in the cache
    needed_app_labels = set()
    needed_models = set()
    needed_opts = set()
    for model in models:
        opts = self._get_opts(model, for_concrete_models)
        try:
            ct = self._get_from_cache(opts)
        except KeyError:
            needed_app_labels.add(opts.app_label)
            needed_models.add(opts.object_name.lower())
            needed_opts.add(opts)
        else:
            results[model] = ct
    if needed_opts:
        cts = self.filter(
            app_label__in=needed_app_labels,
            model__in=needed_models
        )
        for ct in cts:
            model = ct.model_class()
            if model._meta in needed_opts:
                results[model] = ct
                needed_opts.remove(model._meta)
            self._add_to_cache(self.db, ct)
    for opts in needed_opts:
        # These weren't in the cache, or the DB, create them.
        ct = self.create(
            app_label=opts.app_label,
            model=opts.object_name.lower(),
            name=smart_text(opts.verbose_name_raw),
        )
        self._add_to_cache(self.db, ct)
        results[ct.model_class()] = ct
    return results

def get_for_id(self, id):
    """
    Lookup a ContentType by ID. Uses the same shared cache as get_for_model
    (though ContentTypes are obviously not created on-the-fly by get_by_id).
    """
    try:
        ct = self.__class__._cache[self.db][id]
    except KeyError:
        # This could raise a DoesNotExist; that's correct behavior and will
        # make sure that only correct ctypes get stored in the cache dict.
        ct = self.get(pk=id)
        self._add_to_cache(self.db, ct)
    return ct

def clear_cache(self):
    """
    Clear out the content-type cache. This needs to happen during database
    flushes to prevent caching of "stale" content type IDs (see
    django.contrib.contenttypes.management.update_contenttypes for where
    this gets called).
    """
    self.__class__._cache.clear()

def _add_to_cache(self, using, ct):
    """Insert a ContentType into the cache."""
    model = ct.model_class()
    key = (model._meta.app_label, model._meta.object_name.lower())
    self.__class__._cache.setdefault(using, {})[key] = ct
    self.__class__._cache.setdefault(using, {})[ct.id] = ct

@python_2_unicode_compatible
class ContentType(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
app_label = models.CharField(max_length=100)
model = models.CharField(_('python model class name'), max_length=100)
objects = ContentTypeManager()

class Meta:
    verbose_name = _('content type')
    verbose_name_plural = _('content types')
    db_table = 'django_content_type'
    ordering = ('name',)
    unique_together = (('app_label', 'model'),)

def __str__(self):
    # self.name is deprecated in favor of using model's verbose_name, which
    # can be translated. Formal deprecation is delayed until we have DB
    # migration to be able to remove the field from the database along with
    # the attribute.
    #
    # We return self.name only when users have changed its value from the
    # initial verbose_name_raw and might rely on it.
    model = self.model_class()
    if not model or self.name != model._meta.verbose_name_raw:
        return self.name
    else:
        return force_text(model._meta.verbose_name)

def model_class(self):
    "Returns the Python model class for this type of content."
    from django.db import models
    return models.get_model(self.app_label, self.model,
                            only_installed=False)

def get_object_for_this_type(self, **kwargs):
    """
    Returns an object of this type for the keyword arguments given.
    Basically, this is a proxy around this object_type's get_object() model
    method. The ObjectNotExist exception, if thrown, will not be caught,
    so code that calls this method should catch it.
    """
    return self.model_class()._base_manager.using(self._state.db).get(**kwargs)

def get_all_objects_for_this_type(self, **kwargs):
    """
    Returns all objects of this type for the keyword arguments given.
    """
    return self.model_class()._base_manager.using(self._state.db).filter(**kwargs)

def natural_key(self):
    return (self.app_label, self.model)

推荐答案

您的模型是无效的。如果您可以在 models.py 中共享代码，将很容易帮助。

Your models are invalid. It will be easy to help if you can share code inside your models.py.

同时请看看 Django：调用元类基地时出错，相关问题

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