查找列表中的重复元素 [英] Find duplicate elements in a list

问题描述

我有一个列表：

nums = [1, 2, 3, 1, 5, 2, 7, 11]

我正在尝试使一个函数返回每个数字在列表中显示的次数。输出可能如下所示：

I am trying to make a function that returns how many times each number appears in the lists. Output may look like:

1 occurred 2 times
2 occurred 2 times
3 occurred 1 time
5 occurred 1 time
...
...

这是我迄今为止所尝试的：

- 为列表中的每个元素创建字典

- 嵌套循环遍历每个元素，并对其他元素进行检查

- 如果元素匹配到该元素的字典键中添加一个

This is what I have tried so far:
-Create dictionary for each element in list
-Have nested loop go through every element and check it against every other element
-If elements match add one to the dictionary key of that element

问题：

每次循环时，它都会重新检测元素。因此，有一些元素有许多，而不是被1加1，它由n个幂组成。

The problem:
Everytime it loops through, it redetects the same elements. Therefore however many of a certain element there is, instead of being added by 1, it is raised by the n power

Enter integers between 1 and 100: 5 2 41 4 5 2 2 4
4 occurs 4 times
2 occurs 9 times
41 occurs 1 times
5 occurs 4 times

代码：

def main():
    original_nums = input("Enter integers between 1 and 100: ")
    nums = [i for i in original_nums.split()]
    my_dict = {}

    for i in nums:
        my_dict[i] = 0

    for i in nums:
        for j in nums:
            if i == j:
                my_dict[i] += 1

    for i in my_dict:
        print(i,"occurs",my_dict[i],"times")



if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

推荐答案

计数器是所有你需要的

>>> from collections import Counter
>>> Counter([1, 2, 3, 1, 5, 2, 7, 11])
Counter({1: 2, 2: 2, 3: 1, 5: 1, 7: 1, 11: 1})

或你可以修复这样的代码

Or you can just fix your code like this

def main():
    original_nums = input("Enter integers between 1 and 100: ")
    nums = [i for i in original_nums.split()]
    my_dict = {}

    for i in nums:
        my_dict[i] = my_dict.get(i, 0) + 1
        # or .setdefault(i, 0) instead of .get(i, 0)
        # setdefault is generally faster

    for i in my_dict:
        print(i, 'occurs', my_dict[i], 'times')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

运行时：

Enter integers between 1 and 100: 5 5 5 5 1 2 3 3 3 
1 occurs 1 times
2 occurs 1 times
3 occurs 3 times
5 occurs 4 times

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