多字段，多字，匹配没有query_string [英] Multi-field, multi-word, match without query_string

问题描述

我想能够匹配多字搜索与多个字段，每个字搜索包含在任何字段中的任何组合。我想要强制使用避免使用 query_string。

  curl -X POSThttp： / localhost：9200 / index / document / 1-d{id：1，firstname：john，middlename：clark，lastname：smith}'
卷曲-X POSThttp：// localhost：9200 / index / document / 2-d{id：2，firstname：john，middlename：paladini，lastname我想搜索约翰·史密斯只匹配文件1。以下查询是我需要的，但是我宁愿避免使用query_string，以防用户通过OR，AND和任何其他高级参数。 
  curl -X GET'http：// localhost：9200 / index / _search？per_page = 10& pretty' {
query：{
query_string：{
query：john smith，
default_operator：AND，
 ：[
firstname，
lastname，
middlename
] 
} 
} 
}'
  
 
 
解决方案
您要查找的是多重匹配查询，但它不会完全按照您的方式执行想要。
 
 
 
比较验证， multi_match  vs  query_string 。
 
 
 
  multi_match （运算符和）将确保至少在一个字段中存在所有条款： / p> 
 
 
  curl -XGET'http://127.0.0.1:9200/_validate/query?pretty=1&explain=true'-d'
 {
multi_match：{
operator：和，
fields：[
firstname，
lastname
]，
查询：john smith
} 
} 
'
 
＃{
＃_shards ：{
＃failed：0，
＃successful：1，
＃total：1 
＃}，
＃explainations [
＃{
＃index：test，
＃explain：（（+ lastname：john + lastname：smith） （+ firstname：john + firstname：smith）），
＃valid：true 
＃} 
＃]，
＃valid：true 
 ＃$ 
  
虽然 query_string （with default_operator  AND ）将检查至少一个字段中存在的每个字词：
  curl -XGET'http://127.0.0.1:9200/_validate/query?pretty=1&explain=true'-d'
 {
query_string：{
fields ：[
firstname，
lastname
]，
query：john smith，
default_operator：AND
} 
} 
'
 
＃{
＃_shards：{
＃failed：0，
＃successful ：1，
＃total：1 
＃}，
＃解释​​：[
＃{
＃index：test 
＃explain：+（firstname：john | lastname：john）+（firstname：smith | lastname：smith），
＃valid：true 
＃} 
＃]，
＃valid：true 
＃} 
  
您有几个选择来实现您以后的目标：
 
 
 
预先搜索词条，删除通配符等，在使用 query_string  
 
 
 
 
使用搜索词来解析每个单词，然后生成一个 multi_match 查询每个字
 
 
 
 
在映射中使用 index_name 对于名称字段将其数据索引到单个字段中，然后可以将其用于搜索。 （像你自己的全部字段）：
 
 
 
如下：
  curl -XPUT'http://127.0.0.1:9200/test/?pretty=1'-d' 
 {
mappings：{
test：{
properties：{
firstname：{
index_name名称，
type：string
}，
lastname：{
index_name：name，
type字符串
} 
} 
} 
} 
} 
'
 
 curl -XPOST'http：//127.0。 0.1：9200 / test / test？pretty = 1'-d'
 {
firstname：john，
lastname：smith
} 
'
 
 curl -XGET'http://127.0.0.1:9200/test/test/_search?pretty=1'-d'
 {
query ：{
match：{
name：{
operator：和，
query：john smith
} 
} 
} 
} 
'
 
＃{
＃hits：{
＃hits：[
＃{
＃_source：{
＃firstname：john，
＃lastname：smith
＃}，
＃_score：0.2712221，
＃_index：test，
＃_id：VJFU_RWbRNaeHF9wNM8fRA，
＃_type：test
 ＃$ 
＃
＃max_score：0.2712221 
＃total：1 
＃}，
＃timed_out：false，
＃_shards：{
＃failed：0，
＃successful：5，
＃total：5 
＃}，
＃take：33 
＃} 
  
请注意， firstname 和 lastname 不再可独立搜索。这两个字段的数据已被索引到名称。
 
 
 
您可以使用多字段与路径参数，使它们可以独立地和一起搜索，如下所示：
  curl -XPUT'http://127.0.0.1:9200 / test /？pretty = 1'-d'
 {
mappings：{
test：{
properties：{
firstname ：{
fields：{
firstname：{
type：string
}，
any_name：{
 type：string
} 
}，
path：just_name，
type：multi_field
}，
lastname：{
fields：{
any_na我：{
type：string
}，
lastname：{
type：string
} 
 }，
path：just_name，
type：multi_field
} 
} 
} 
} 
} 
'
 
 curl -XPOST'http://127.0.0.1:9200/test/test?pretty=1'-d'
 {
firstname ：john，
lastname：smith
} 
'
  
搜索 any_name 字段起作用：
  curl  - XGET'http://127.0.0.1:9200/test/test/_search?pretty=1'-d'
 {
查询：{
match：{
any_name：{
operator：和，
query：john smith
} 
} 
} 
 } 
'
 
＃{
＃hits：{
＃hits：[
＃ 
＃_source：{
＃firstname：john，
＃lastname：smith
＃}，
＃_score ：0.2712221，
＃_index：test，
＃_id：Xf9qqKt0TpCuyLWioNh-iQ，
＃_type：test
＃} 
＃]，
＃max_score：0.2712221，
＃total：1 
＃}，
＃timed_out：false，
＃ _shards：{
＃failed：0，
＃successful：5，
＃total：5 
＃}，
＃采取：11 
＃} 
  
搜索 firstname  for  john AND smith 不起作用：
 卷曲-XGET'http://127.0.0.1:9200/test/test/_search?pretty=1'-d'
 {
查询：{
match：{ 
firstname：{
operator：和，
query：john smith
} 
 } 
} 
} 
'
 
＃{
＃hits：{
＃hits：[]，
＃max_score：null，
＃total：0 
＃}，
＃timed_out：false，
＃_shards：{
＃failed：0，
＃success：5，
＃total：5 
＃}，
＃taken：2 
 ＃} 
  
但是搜索 firstname  code> john 正确运行：
  curl -XGET'http：//127.0。 0.1：9200 / test / test / _search？pretty = 1'-d'
 {
query：{
match：{
firstname：{
operator：and，
query：john
} 
} 
} 
} 
'
 
＃{
＃hits：{
＃hits：[
＃{
＃_source：{
＃firstname ：john，
＃lastname：smith
＃}，
＃ _score：0.30685282，
＃_index：test，
＃_id：Xf9qqKt0TpCuyLWioNh-iQ，
＃_type：test
 ＃$ 
＃
＃max_score：0.30685282 
＃total：1 
＃}，
＃timed_out：false，
＃_shards：{
＃failed：0，
＃successful：5，
＃total：5 
＃}，
＃take：3 
＃} 
  
 
I would like to be able to match a multi word search against multiple fields where every word searched is contained in any of the fields, any combination. The catch is I would like to avoid using query_string.
curl -X POST "http://localhost:9200/index/document/1" -d '{"id":1,"firstname":"john","middlename":"clark","lastname":"smith"}'
curl -X POST "http://localhost:9200/index/document/2" -d '{"id":2,"firstname":"john","middlename":"paladini","lastname":"miranda"}'
I would like the search for 'John Smith' to match only document 1. The following query does what I need but I would rather avoid using query_string in case the user passes "OR", "AND" and any of the other advanced params. 
curl -X GET 'http://localhost:9200/index/_search?per_page=10&pretty' -d '{
  "query": {
    "query_string": {
      "query": "john smith",
      "default_operator": "AND",
      "fields": [
        "firstname",
        "lastname",
        "middlename"
      ]
    }
  }
}'

解决方案
What you are looking for is the multi-match query, but it doesn't perform in quite the way you would like.

Compare the output of validate for multi_match vs query_string.

multi_match (with operator and) will make sure that ALL terms exist in at least one field:
curl -XGET 'http://127.0.0.1:9200/_validate/query?pretty=1&explain=true'  -d '
{
   "multi_match" : {
      "operator" : "and",
      "fields" : [
         "firstname",
         "lastname"
      ],
      "query" : "john smith"
   }
}
'

# {
#    "_shards" : {
#       "failed" : 0,
#       "successful" : 1,
#       "total" : 1
#    },
#    "explanations" : [
#       {
#          "index" : "test",
#          "explanation" : "((+lastname:john +lastname:smith) | (+firstname:john +firstname:smith))",
#          "valid" : true
#       }
#    ],
#    "valid" : true
# }
While query_string (with default_operator AND) will check that EACH term exists in at least one field:
curl -XGET 'http://127.0.0.1:9200/_validate/query?pretty=1&explain=true'  -d '
{
   "query_string" : {
      "fields" : [
         "firstname",
         "lastname"
      ],
      "query" : "john smith",
      "default_operator" : "AND"
   }
}
'

# {
#    "_shards" : {
#       "failed" : 0,
#       "successful" : 1,
#       "total" : 1
#    },
#    "explanations" : [
#       {
#          "index" : "test",
#          "explanation" : "+(firstname:john | lastname:john) +(firstname:smith | lastname:smith)",
#          "valid" : true
#       }
#    ],
#    "valid" : true
# }
So you have a few choices to achieve what you are after:

Preparse the search terms, to remove things like wildcards, etc, before using the query_string
Preparse the search terms to extract each word, then generate a multi_match query per word 
Use index_name in your mapping for the name fields to index their data into a single field, which you can then use for search.  (like your own custom all field):
As follows:
curl -XPUT 'http://127.0.0.1:9200/test/?pretty=1'  -d '
{
   "mappings" : {
      "test" : {
         "properties" : {
            "firstname" : {
               "index_name" : "name",
               "type" : "string"
            },
            "lastname" : {
               "index_name" : "name",
               "type" : "string"
            }
         }
      }
   }
}
'

curl -XPOST 'http://127.0.0.1:9200/test/test?pretty=1'  -d '
{
   "firstname" : "john",
   "lastname" : "smith"
}
'

curl -XGET 'http://127.0.0.1:9200/test/test/_search?pretty=1'  -d '
{
   "query" : {
      "match" : {
         "name" : {
            "operator" : "and",
            "query" : "john smith"
         }
      }
   }
}
'

# {
#    "hits" : {
#       "hits" : [
#          {
#             "_source" : {
#                "firstname" : "john",
#                "lastname" : "smith"
#             },
#             "_score" : 0.2712221,
#             "_index" : "test",
#             "_id" : "VJFU_RWbRNaeHF9wNM8fRA",
#             "_type" : "test"
#          }
#       ],
#       "max_score" : 0.2712221,
#       "total" : 1
#    },
#    "timed_out" : false,
#    "_shards" : {
#       "failed" : 0,
#       "successful" : 5,
#       "total" : 5
#    },
#    "took" : 33
# }
Note however, that firstname and lastname are no longer searchable independently.  The data for both fields has been indexed into name.

You could use multi-fields with the path parameter to make them searchable both independently and together, as follows:
curl -XPUT 'http://127.0.0.1:9200/test/?pretty=1'  -d '
{
   "mappings" : {
      "test" : {
         "properties" : {
            "firstname" : {
               "fields" : {
                  "firstname" : {
                     "type" : "string"
                  },
                  "any_name" : {
                     "type" : "string"
                  }
               },
               "path" : "just_name",
               "type" : "multi_field"
            },
            "lastname" : {
               "fields" : {
                  "any_name" : {
                     "type" : "string"
                  },
                  "lastname" : {
                     "type" : "string"
                  }
               },
               "path" : "just_name",
               "type" : "multi_field"
            }
         }
      }
   }
}
'

curl -XPOST 'http://127.0.0.1:9200/test/test?pretty=1'  -d '
{
   "firstname" : "john",
   "lastname" : "smith"
}
'
Searching the any_name field works:
curl -XGET 'http://127.0.0.1:9200/test/test/_search?pretty=1'  -d '
{
   "query" : {
      "match" : {
         "any_name" : {
            "operator" : "and",
            "query" : "john smith"
         }
      }
   }
}
'

# {
#    "hits" : {
#       "hits" : [
#          {
#             "_source" : {
#                "firstname" : "john",
#                "lastname" : "smith"
#             },
#             "_score" : 0.2712221,
#             "_index" : "test",
#             "_id" : "Xf9qqKt0TpCuyLWioNh-iQ",
#             "_type" : "test"
#          }
#       ],
#       "max_score" : 0.2712221,
#       "total" : 1
#    },
#    "timed_out" : false,
#    "_shards" : {
#       "failed" : 0,
#       "successful" : 5,
#       "total" : 5
#    },
#    "took" : 11
# }
Searching firstname for john AND smith doesn't work:
curl -XGET 'http://127.0.0.1:9200/test/test/_search?pretty=1'  -d '
{
   "query" : {
      "match" : {
         "firstname" : {
            "operator" : "and",
            "query" : "john smith"
         }
      }
   }
}
'

# {
#    "hits" : {
#       "hits" : [],
#       "max_score" : null,
#       "total" : 0
#    },
#    "timed_out" : false,
#    "_shards" : {
#       "failed" : 0,
#       "successful" : 5,
#       "total" : 5
#    },
#    "took" : 2
# }
But searching firstname for just john works correctly:
curl -XGET 'http://127.0.0.1:9200/test/test/_search?pretty=1'  -d '
{
   "query" : {
      "match" : {
         "firstname" : {
            "operator" : "and",
            "query" : "john"
         }
      }
   }
}
'

# {
#    "hits" : {
#       "hits" : [
#          {
#             "_source" : {
#                "firstname" : "john",
#                "lastname" : "smith"
#             },
#             "_score" : 0.30685282,
#             "_index" : "test",
#             "_id" : "Xf9qqKt0TpCuyLWioNh-iQ",
#             "_type" : "test"
#          }
#       ],
#       "max_score" : 0.30685282,
#       "total" : 1
#    },
#    "timed_out" : false,
#    "_shards" : {
#       "failed" : 0,
#       "successful" : 5,
#       "total" : 5
#    },
#    "took" : 3
# }


                        
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