如何使用python获取电子邮件的文本内容? [英] How can I get an email message's text content using python?

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问题描述

在Python 2.6中给出RFC822消息,如何获取正确的文本/简单内容部分?基本上,我想要的算法是这样的:

  message = email.message_from_string(raw_message)
如果has_mime_part(message, text / plain)
mime_part = get_mime_part(message,text / plain)
text_content = decode_mime_part(mime_part)
elif has_mime_part(message,text / html):
mime_part = get_mime_part(message,text / html)
html = decode_mime_part(mime_part)
text_content = render_html_to_plaintext(html)
else:
#fallback
text_content = str(message)
return text_content

在这些东西中,我有code> get_mime_part 和 has_mime_part down pat,但我不太清楚如何从MIME部分获取解码的文本。我可以使用 get_payload()获取编码的文本,但如果我尝试使用 decode 参数 get_payload()方法(请参阅该文档)当我在文本/简单部分调用它时,我收到一个错误:

 文件/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/email/message.py,第189行,在get_payload 
raise TypeError('预期列表,得到%s'%type(self._payload))
TypeError:预期列表,得到< type'str'>

此外,我不知道如何使用HTML并尽可能地将其呈现给文本

解决方案

在多部分电子邮件中, email.message.Message.get_payload() code>返回一个列表,每个部分有一个项目。最简单的方法是步行消息并获取每个部分的有效载荷:

 导入电子邮件
msg =电子邮件。 message_from_string(raw_message)
部分在msg.walk()中:
#每个部分是非多部分或另一个多部分消息
#,其中包含更多部分...消息已组织像一棵树
如果part.get_content_type()=='text / plain':
打印part.get_payload()#打印原始文本

对于非多部分消息,无需执行所有步骤。你可以直接去get_payload(),而不管content_type如何。

  msg = email.message_from_string(raw_message)
msg .get_payload()

如果内容被编码,你需要通过作为 get_payload()的第一个参数,后跟True(解码标志是第二个参数)。例如,假设我的电子邮件包含MS Word文档附件:

  msg = email.message_from_string(raw_message)
for part in msg.walk():
if part.get_content_type()=='application / msword':
name = part.get_param('name')或'MyDoc.doc'
f = open(name,'wb')
f.write(part.get_payload(None,True))#你需要None作为第一个参数
#,因为part.is_multipart()
#是False
f.close()

HTML部分的文字近似值,我发现 html2text 工作得很好。 p>

Given an RFC822 message in Python 2.6, how can I get the right text/plain content part? Basically, the algorithm I want is this:

message = email.message_from_string(raw_message)
if has_mime_part(message, "text/plain"):
    mime_part = get_mime_part(message, "text/plain")
    text_content = decode_mime_part(mime_part)
elif has_mime_part(message, "text/html"):
    mime_part = get_mime_part(message, "text/html")
    html = decode_mime_part(mime_part)
    text_content = render_html_to_plaintext(html)
else:
    # fallback
    text_content = str(message)
return text_content

Of these things, I have get_mime_part and has_mime_part down pat, but I'm not quite sure how to get the decoded text from the MIME part. I can get the encoded text using get_payload(), but if I try to use the decode parameter of the get_payload() method (see the doc) I get an error when I call it on the text/plain part:

  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/email/message.py", line 189, in get_payload
    raise TypeError('Expected list, got %s' % type(self._payload))
TypeError: Expected list, got <type 'str'>

In addition, I don't know how to take HTML and render it to text as closely as possible.

解决方案

In a multipart e-mail, email.message.Message.get_payload() returns a list with one item for each part. The easiest way is to walk the message and get the payload on each part:

import email
msg = email.message_from_string(raw_message)
for part in msg.walk():
    # each part is a either non-multipart, or another multipart message
    # that contains further parts... Message is organized like a tree
    if part.get_content_type() == 'text/plain':
        print part.get_payload() # prints the raw text

For a non-multipart message, no need to do all the walking. You can go straight to get_payload(), regardless of content_type.

msg = email.message_from_string(raw_message)
msg.get_payload()

If the content is encoded, you need to pass None as the first parameter to get_payload(), followed by True (the decode flag is the second parameter). For example, suppose that my e-mail contains an MS Word document attachment:

msg = email.message_from_string(raw_message)
for part in msg.walk():
    if part.get_content_type() == 'application/msword':
        name = part.get_param('name') or 'MyDoc.doc'
        f = open(name, 'wb')
        f.write(part.get_payload(None, True)) # You need None as the first param
                                              # because part.is_multipart() 
                                              # is False
        f.close()

As for getting a reasonable plain-text approximation of an HTML part, I've found that html2text works pretty darn well.

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