如何在Python中对URL参数进行百分比编码? [英] How to percent-encode URL parameters in Python?
问题描述
如果我执行
url =http://example.com?p=+ urllib.quote(query )
- 它不编码
/
到%2F
(打破OAuth规范化) - 它不处理Unicode(它抛出异常)
有更好的图书馆吗?
从文档:
urllib.quote(string [,safe])
使用%xx转义替换字符串
中的特殊字符。字母,数字,
和字符_.-永远不会
引用。默认情况下,此函数是
,用于引用URL的路径部分
。可选的安全参数
指定不应引用
的其他字符 - 其默认值
值是'/'
这意味着传递为了安全可以解决你的第一个问题: / p>
>>> urllib.quote('/ test')
'/ test'
>>> urllib.quote('/ test',safe ='')
'%2Ftest'
关于第二个问题,有关于它的错误报告 here 。显然它已经在python 3中被修复了。你可以通过如下这样编码为utf8来解决它:
>>> query = urllib.quote(uMüller.encode('utf8'))
>>> print urllib.unquote(query).decode('utf8')
Müller
由看看 urlencode
If I do
url = "http://example.com?p=" + urllib.quote(query)
- It doesn't encode
/
to%2F
(breaks OAuth normalization) - It doesn't handle Unicode (it throws an exception)
Is there a better library?
From the docs:
urllib.quote(string[, safe])
Replace special characters in string using the %xx escape. Letters, digits, and the characters '_.-' are never quoted. By default, this function is intended for quoting the path section of the URL.The optional safe parameter specifies additional characters that should not be quoted — its default value is '/'
That means passing '' for safe will solve your first issue:
>>> urllib.quote('/test')
'/test'
>>> urllib.quote('/test', safe='')
'%2Ftest'
About the second issue, there is a bug report about it here. Apparently it was fixed in python 3. You can workaround it by encoding as utf8 like this:
>>> query = urllib.quote(u"Müller".encode('utf8'))
>>> print urllib.unquote(query).decode('utf8')
Müller
By the way have a look at urlencode
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