如何使用Python中的编码声明解析XML文件？ [英] How to parse an XML file with encoding declaration in Python?

问题描述

我有这个XML文件称为 xmltest.xml ：

I have this XML file, called xmltest.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GBK"?>
<productMeta>
    <bands>1,2,3,4</bands>
    <imageName>TestName.tif</imageName>  
    <browseName>TestName.jpg</browseName>
</productMeta>

我有这个Python虚拟代码：

And I have this Python dummy code:

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
xmldoc = ET.parse('xmltest.xml')

但它引发了一个 ValueError ：

ValueError：不支持多字节编码

ValueError: multi-byte encodings are not supported

我明白这个错误，因为在第一行XML文件。 XML文件是UTF-8编码的，但始终具有该声明（我不是要分析的XML文件的创建者）。解析前一个XML文件时，如何避免这样的编码声明？

I understand this error, it raises because the encoding declaration in the first line of the XML file. The XML file is UTF-8 encoded but always have that declaration (I'm not the creator of the XML files to be analyzed). How can I avoid such encoding declaration when parsing an XML file such the former one?

推荐答案

对于我来说，打开 xml 文件作为文件对象，然后使用 ElementTree.fromstring（）传递完整的

One thing that I tried, that worked for me is to open the xml file as a file object , then use ElementTree.fromstring() passing in the complete contents of the file.

示例 -

>>> import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
>>> ef = ET.parse('a.xml')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "C:\Python34\lib\xml\etree\ElementTree.py", line 1187, in parse
    tree.parse(source, parser)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\xml\etree\ElementTree.py", line 598, in parse
    self._root = parser._parse_whole(source)
ValueError: multi-byte encodings are not supported
>>> with open('a.xml','r') as f:
...     ef = ET.fromstring(f.read())
...
>>> ef
<Element 'productMeta' at 0x028DF180>

您还可以创建一个 XMLParser 所需的编码，这应该使您能够从该编码解析字符串。示​​例 -

You can also, create an XMLParser with the required encoding, and this should enable you to be able to parse strings from that encoding, Example -

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
xmlp = ET.XMLParser(encoding="utf-8")
f = ET.parse('a.xml',parser=xmlp)

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