POSTGRESQL外键引用两个不同表的主键 [英] POSTGRESQL Foreign Key Referencing Primary Keys of two Different Tables

问题描述

推荐答案

PostgreSQL有多种方法可以做到这一点。我个人更喜欢这种方式。

There's more than one way to do this in PostgreSQL. Personally, I prefer this way.

-- This table should contain all the columns common to both 
-- audio books and printed books.
create table books (
  isbn char(13) primary key,
  title varchar(100) not null,
  book_type char(1) not null default 'p'
    check(book_type in ('a', 'p')),
  -- This unique constraint lets the tables books_printed and books_audio 
  -- target the isbn *and* the type in a foreign key constraint.
  -- This prevents you from having an audio book in this table 
  -- linked to a printed book in another table.
  unique (isbn, book_type)
);

-- Columns unique to printed books.
create table books_printed (
  isbn char(13) primary key references books (isbn),
  -- Allows only one value. This plus the FK constraint below guarantee
  -- that this row will relate to a printed book row, not an audio book
  -- row, in the table books. The table "books_audio" is similar.
  book_type char(1) default 'p'
    check (book_type = 'p'),
  foreign key (isbn, book_type) references books (isbn, book_type),
  other_columns_for_printed_books char(1) default '?'
);

-- Columns unique to audio books.
create table books_audio (
  isbn char(13) primary key references books (isbn),
  book_type char(1) default 'a'
    check (book_type = 'a'),
  foreign key (isbn, book_type) references books (isbn, book_type),
  other_columns_for_audio_books char(1) default '?'
);

-- Authors are common to both audio and printed books, so the isbn here
-- references the table of books.
create table book_authors (
  isbn char(13) not null references books (isbn),
  author_id integer not null references authors (author_id), -- not shown
  primary key (isbn, author_id)
);

这篇关于POSTGRESQL外键引用两个不同表的主键的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！