PostgreSQL检查外键条件的约束 [英] PostgreSQL check constraint for foreign key condition

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问题描述

我有一个用户表,例如:

pre codereate table table user $ b $ id serial key,
名称文本不为空,
超级用户布尔值非空默认false
);

以及包含作业的表格:

  create table job(
id serial primary key,
description text
);

可以将作业分配给用户,但仅限于超级用户。其他用户不能分配任务。



所以我有一个表格,我可以看到哪个工作分配给了哪个用户:

  create table user_has_job(
user_id整数引用user(id),
job_id整数引用作业(id),$ b $约束user_has_job_pk PRIMARY KEY(user_id,job_id)
);

但是我想创建一个检查约束, user_id 引用具有 user.superuser = True 的用户。



这可能吗?或者还有另一种解决方案?

解决方案

这对于INSERTS是有效的:

 创建或替换函数is_superuser(int)返回布尔值为$$ 
select exists(
从user中选择

where id = $ 1
和superuser = true
);
$$语言sql;

然后在user_has_job表中检查一下:

pre $ create table user_has_job(
user_id整数引用user(id),
job_id整数引用job(id),
约束user_has_job_pk PRIMARY KEY(user_id,job_id),
约束chk_is_superuser检查(is_superuser(user_id))
);

适用于插入:

  postgres =#insert intouser(name,superuser)values('name1',false); 
INSERT 0 1
postgres =#insert intouser(name,superuser)values('name2',true);
INSERT 0 1

postgres =#insert into job(description)values('test');
INSERT 0 1
postgres =#insert into user_has_job(user_id,job_id)values(1,1);
错误:关系user_has_job的新行违反检​​查约束chk_is_superuser
详细信息:失败的行包含(1,1)。
postgres =#insert into user_has_job(user_id,job_id)values(2,1);
INSERT 0 1

然而这是可能的:

  postgres =#updateuserset superuser = false; 
UPDATE 2

所以如果你允许更新用户,你需要在用户表,以防止用户有工作。


I have a table of users eg:

create table "user" (
    id serial primary key,
    name text not null,
    superuser boolean not null default false
);

and a table with jobs:

create table job (
    id serial primary key,
    description text
);

the jobs can be assigned to users, but only for superusers. other users cannot have jobs assigned.

So I have a table whereby I see which job was assigned to which user:

create table user_has_job (
    user_id integer references "user"(id),
    job_id integer references job(id),
    constraint user_has_job_pk PRIMARY KEY (user_id, job_id)
);

But I want to create a check constraint that the user_id references a user that has user.superuser = True.

Is that possible? Or is there another solution?

解决方案

This would work for INSERTS:

create or replace function is_superuser(int) returns boolean as $$
select exists (
    select 1
    from "user"
    where id   = $1
      and superuser = true
);
$$ language sql;

And then a check contraint on the user_has_job table:

create table user_has_job (
    user_id integer references "user"(id),
    job_id integer references job(id),
    constraint user_has_job_pk PRIMARY KEY (user_id, job_id),
    constraint chk_is_superuser check (is_superuser(user_id))
);

Works for inserts:

postgres=# insert into "user" (name,superuser) values ('name1',false);
INSERT 0 1
postgres=# insert into "user" (name,superuser) values ('name2',true);
INSERT 0 1

postgres=# insert into job (description) values ('test');
INSERT 0 1
postgres=# insert into user_has_job (user_id,job_id) values (1,1);
ERROR:  new row for relation "user_has_job" violates check constraint "chk_is_superuser"
DETAIL:  Failing row contains (1, 1).
postgres=# insert into user_has_job (user_id,job_id) values (2,1);
INSERT 0 1

However this is possible:

postgres=# update "user" set superuser=false;
UPDATE 2

So if you allow updating users you need to create an update trigger on the users table to prevent that if the user has jobs.

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