我如何为Raspberry Pi 1创建一个现代的交叉编译工具链？ [英] How can I create a modern cross compile toolchain for the Raspberry Pi 1?

问题描述

至少Debian并没有提供可用的工具链来为Raspberry Pi 1进行交叉开发。Linaro toochain在写这篇文章时已经过时了，不适合Qt5开发者分支。有一个项目crosstools-ng，它允许轻松地为各种系统构建定制工具链。它支持一个相当现代的GCC 4.9.1。该配置有点试错，但主要问题是，工具链没有找到所有的包含文件或库。如何配置crosstools-ng，以便它可以用于编译Raspberry Pi 1的Qt5？

跟进Raspian Raspberry Pi如何准备使用这个工具链可以在这里找到：
我如何使用Raspbian编写Raspberry Pi，以便我可以从Linux主机交叉编译Qt5程序？

解决方案

我首先找到未找到的包含/库问题，因为这比普通的crosstools-ng安装/使用稍微多一点。

问题是，crosstools-ng正确地创建了gcc编译器，并带有如下的目标元组：arm-vendor-linux-gnueabihf。这是完全正确的。然而，Raspian在没有供应商字符串的文件夹中安装include和libs：/ lib / arm-linux-gnueabihf。看起来像pkg-config无法处理这个问题。 crosstools-ng可能是正确的元组，但是也有点沉重，拒绝添加一个函数来删除这个供应商字符串。 crosstool-ng中允许修改元组和供应商字符串的函数不是替代方案。他们只是用一个新名字创建符号链接，但是元组在GCC中是硬编码的。正确地摆脱供应商字符串的唯一方法是修补crosstools-ng资源。

因此，获得功能性Raspberry Pi / Raspian gcc 4.9的第一步。 1工具链是克隆crosstools-ng存储库：

  git clone git：//crosstool-ng.org/crosstool-ng 
  

其次是补丁来源：

  diff --git a / scripts / config.guess b / scripts / config.guess 
 index dbfb978..9a35943 100755 
 --- a / scripts / config。猜测
 +++ b / scripts / config.guess 
 @@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ case$ {UNAME_MACHINE}：$ {UNAME_SYSTEM}：$ {UNAME_RELEASE}：$ { UNAME_VERSION}in 
 sh3el）machine = shl-unknown ;; 
 sh3eb）machine = sh-unknown ;; 
 sh5el）machine = sh5le-unknown ;; 
  -  *）machine = $ {UNAME_MACHINE_ARCH} -unknown ;; 
 + *）machine = $ {UNAME_MACHINE_ARCH} ;; 
 esac 
＃操作系统包括对象格式，如果它最近已将
＃切换到ELF，或将来会切换到ELF。 
 diff --git a / scripts / config.sub b / scripts / config.sub 
 index 6d2e94c..f92db2b 100755 
 --- a / scripts / config.sub 
 +++ b / scripts / config.sub 
 @@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ case $ basic_machine in 
 | we32k \ 
 | x86 | xc16x | xstormy16 | xtensa \ 
 | z8k | z80）
  -  basic_machine = $ basic_machine-unknown 
 + basic_machine = $ basic_machine 
 ;; 
 c54x）
 basic_machine = tic54x-unknown 
  

其余部分是标准配置/ make / make install。
下一步是正确配置crosstools-ng来构建所需的工具链。这是通过 ct-ng menuconfig 。

完成的。尽管每一个配置项目都会非常冗长，所以我在这里添加一个工作配置文件：
http://pastebin.com/MhQKnhpN

可以导入它并使用加载备用配置文件。最后 ct-ng build 会在几分钟内生成一个新的
工具链。工具链在配置文件中定义的{HOME} / x-tools3中创建。要更改它，请在'路径和其他选项'中更改'前缀目录'。但是工具链也可以在构建后手动移动。

下一个问题/答案将显示如何使用此工具链为Raspberry Pi构建非常现代的Qt5。

At least Debian does not provide a usable toolchain to cross develop for the Raspberry Pi 1. The Linaro toochain is at the time of this writing too old for the Qt5 developer branch. There is a project crosstools-ng, which allows to easily build custom toolchains for all kinds of systems. It supports a fairly modern GCC 4.9.1. The configuration is a bit trial and error, but the main problem is, that the toolchain does not find all the include files or libraries. How is the crosstools-ng to be configured so it can be used to compile Qt5 for the Raspberry Pi 1?

A followup how a Raspberry Pi with Raspian has to be prepared to use this toolchain can be found here: How do I prepare a Raspberry Pi with Raspbian so I can cross compile Qt5 programs from a Linux host?

解决方案

I start with the not found include/library problem first, since this goes a bit beyond the normal crosstools-ng installation/usage.

The problem is, that crosstools-ng rightfully creates gcc compiler, with a target tuple like: arm-vendor-linux-gnueabihf. This is totally correct. However, Raspian installs includes and libs in folders without vendor string: /lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf. Looks like pkg-config cannot handle this. crosstools-ng might be right with the tuple, but is also a bit heavy handed by refusing to add a function to remove this vendor string. The functions in crosstool-ng, which allow to modify the tuple and the vendor string are not an alternative. They just create symbolic links with a new name, but the tuple is hardcoded in GCC. The only way to properly get rid of the vendor string is to patch the crosstools-ng sources.

So the first step to get a functional Raspberry Pi/Raspian gcc 4.9.1 toolchain is to clone the crosstools-ng repository:

git clone git://crosstool-ng.org/crosstool-ng

Second is to patch sources:

diff --git a/scripts/config.guess b/scripts/config.guess
index dbfb978..9a35943 100755
--- a/scripts/config.guess
+++ b/scripts/config.guess
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ case "${UNAME_MACHINE}:${UNAME_SYSTEM}:${UNAME_RELEASE}:${UNAME_VERSION}" in
            sh3el) machine=shl-unknown ;;
            sh3eb) machine=sh-unknown ;;
            sh5el) machine=sh5le-unknown ;;
-           *) machine=${UNAME_MACHINE_ARCH}-unknown ;;
+           *) machine=${UNAME_MACHINE_ARCH} ;;
        esac
        # The Operating System including object format, if it has switched
        # to ELF recently, or will in the future.
diff --git a/scripts/config.sub b/scripts/config.sub
index 6d2e94c..f92db2b 100755
--- a/scripts/config.sub
+++ b/scripts/config.sub
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ case $basic_machine in
        | we32k \
        | x86 | xc16x | xstormy16 | xtensa \
        | z8k | z80)
-               basic_machine=$basic_machine-unknown
+               basic_machine=$basic_machine
                ;;
        c54x)
                basic_machine=tic54x-unknown

The rest is the standard configure/make/make install. The next step is to configure crosstools-ng correctly to build the desired toolchain. This is done with ct-ng menuconfig.

Going though every single config item would be extremely lengthy, so I added a working config file here: http://pastebin.com/MhQKnhpN

It can be imported and with Load an Alternate Configuration File. Finally ct-ng build builds in a few minutes a new toolchain. The toolchain is created in {HOME}/x-tools3, as defined in the config file. To change this, change 'Prefix directory' in 'Path and misc options'. But the toolchain can also be moved manually after the build.

The next question/answer will show how to use this toolchain to build a very modern Qt5 for the Raspberry Pi.

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