ggplot折线图中的多行x轴标签 [英] Multi-row x-axis labels in ggplot line chart

问题描述

编辑：此问题已标记为重复，但回复

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另请参阅@ eipi10的精彩回答：预防随着时间序列不必要地多次显示一年

Edit: This question has been marked as duplicated, but the responses here have been tried and did not work because the case in question is a line chart, not a bar chart. Applying those methods produces a chart with 5 lines, 1 for each year - not useful. Did anyone who voted to mark as duplicate actually try those approaches on the sample dataset supplied with this question? If so please post as an answer.

Original Question:

There's a feature in Excel pivot charts which allows multilevel categorical axes.I'm trying to find a way to do the same thing with ggplot (or any other plotting package in R).

Consider the following dataset:

set.seed(1)
df=data.frame(year=rep(2009:2013,each=4),
              quarter=rep(c("Q1","Q2","Q3","Q4"),5),
              sales=40:59+rnorm(20,sd=5))

If this is imported to an Excel pivot table, it is straightforward to create the following chart:

Note how the x-axis has two levels, one for quarter and one for the grouping variable, year. Are multilevel axes possible with ggplot?

NB: There is a hack with facets that produces something similar, but this is not what I'm looking for.

library(ggplot2)
ggplot(df) +
  geom_line(aes(x=quarter,y=sales,group=year))+
  facet_grid(.~year,scales="free")

解决方案

We use arguments in theme to remove the default x axis text (axis.title.x/ axis.text.x = element_blank()) and extra margins are added (plot.margin).

New labels are added using annotate(geom = "text",. By converting plot object to a grob (ggplot_gtable(ggplot_build(), clipping of x axis labels can be turned off.

library(ggplot2)
g1 <- ggplot(data = df, aes(x = interaction(year, quarter, lex.order = TRUE), 
                            y = sales, group = 1)) +
  geom_line(colour = "blue") +
  coord_cartesian(ylim = c(35, 65), expand = FALSE) +
  annotate(geom = "text", x = seq_len(nrow(df)), y = 34, label = df$quarter, size = 4) +
  annotate(geom = "text", x = 2.5 + 4 * (0:4), y = 32, label = unique(df$year), size = 6) +
  theme_bw() +
  theme(plot.margin = unit(c(1, 1, 4, 1), "lines"),
        axis.title.x = element_blank(),
        axis.text.x = element_blank(),
        panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(),
        panel.grid.minor.x = element_blank())


# remove clipping of x axis labels
g2 <- ggplot_gtable(ggplot_build(g1))
g2$layout$clip[g2$layout$name == "panel"] <- "off"
grid::grid.draw(g2)

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See also the nice answer by @eipi10 here: Prevent showing the year several times unnecessarily with time series

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