用图案填充地理空间多边形 - R [英] Fill Geospatial polygons with pattern - R

问题描述

根据居住在那里的种族多数，我有一张波斯尼亚的城市地图。
但是，我想使用不同的图案而不是颜色（或灰度），因为它将以黑白色打印。

我搜索了，但找不到方法来做到这一点。有没有人有关于如何做到这一点的想法？
链接到shapefile

以下是我的代码：

  library（RColorBrewer）
 library（maptools）
库（rgdal）
库（rgeos）
库（ggplot2）
库（gridExtra）
 
 setwd（路径）
 
 bosnia<  -  readOGR（path / to / file，bosnia_analysis，
 verbose = TRUE，stringsAsFactors = FALSE）
 
 bosnia<  -  readShapePoly（path / to /bosnia_analysis.shp\",proj4string=CRS(\"+proj=longlat + datum = WGS84））
 bosnia.df < -  bosnia @ data 
 
塞尔维亚人< - 波斯尼亚人[bosnia $ SEPRIORITY> bosnia $ CRPRIORITY&波黑$ SEPRIORITY> bosnia $ MOPRIORITY，] 
 croats<  - 波斯尼亚[bosnia $ CRPRIORITY>波斯尼亚$ SEPRIORITY& bosnia $ CRPRIORITY> bosnia $ MOPRIORITY，] 
 moslems<  - 波斯尼亚[bosnia $ MOPRIORITY> bosnia $ CRPRIORITY& bosnia $ MOPRIORITY> （波斯尼亚，aes（x = long，y = lat，group =组））+ 
 geom_polygon（aes（x = long，y = lat = group = group），fill =white，color =gray）+ 
 geom_polygon（data = serbs，aes（x = long，y = lat，group = group），fill =black ，color =gray）+ 
 geom_polygon（data = croats，aes（x = long，y = lat，group = group），fill =green，color =gray）+ 
 geom_polygon（data = moslems，aes（x = long，y = lat，group = group），fill =red，color =gray）+ 
＃样式
 coord_map（）+ 
 labs（x =Bosnia，y =）+ 
 theme_bw（）+ 
 theme（panel.grid.minor = element_blank（），panel.grid.major = element_blank（）） + 
 theme（axis.ticks = element_blank（），axis.text.x = element_blank（），axis.text.y = element_blank（））+ 
 theme（panel.border = element_blank（）） 
 
p 
  

这给了我以下地图：

解决方

沟 ggplot 为基础的图形。虽然只有三个团体，我会认为黑色，白色和中等灰色可以正常工作。

  require（sp）
 require（rgdal）
 
 bosnia = readOGR（。，bosnia_analysis）
 proj4string（bosnia）= CRS（+ init = epsg：4326）
  

不是分成3个数据集，而是从三个TRUE / FALSES中创建一个新的分类变量：

  serbs = bosnia $ SEPRIORITY> bosnia $ CRPRIORITY&波黑$ SEPRIORITY> bosnia $ MOPRIORITY 
 croats = bosnia $ CRPRIORITY>波斯尼亚$ SEPRIORITY& bosnia $ CRPRIORITY>波斯尼亚$ MOPRIORITY 
 moslems =波斯尼亚$ MOPRIORITY> bosnia $ CRPRIORITY& bosnia $ MOPRIORITY>波斯尼亚$ SEPRIORITY 
 
 bosnia $ group = NA 
 bosnia $ group [serbs] =塞尔维亚人
波斯尼亚$ group [croats] =克罗地亚人
波斯尼亚$ group [moslems] =Moslem
 bosnia $ group =因子（bosnia $ group）
  

检查没有人属于多个类别：

  sum（serbs&&&&&&moslems）＃应为零
  

现在您可以得到一个漂亮的彩色图：

  spplot（bosnia，group）
  

但我不明白如何在不同的单声道风格中做到这一点，所以它回到基础图形：

  plot（波斯尼亚，密度= c（5,10,15）[bosnia $ group]，angle = c（0,45,90）[bosnia $ group]）
  

根据喜好调整参数。您可以使用 legend 来制作具有相同参数的精美图例。

I have a map of Bosnia with municipalities colored according to the ethnic majority living there. However, I would like to use different patterns instead of colors (or grey scales), as it's going to be printed in black and white.
I have searched, but couldn't find a way to do it. Does anyone have an idea on how to do this? Link to shapefile

Here's my code so far:

library(RColorBrewer)
library(maptools)
library(rgdal)
library(rgeos)
library(ggplot2)
library(gridExtra)

setwd("path")

bosnia <- readOGR("path/to/file", "bosnia_analysis", 
                verbose = TRUE, stringsAsFactors = FALSE)

bosnia <- readShapePoly("path/to/bosnia_analysis.shp",proj4string=CRS("+proj=longlat +datum=WGS84"))
bosnia.df <- bosnia@data

serbs <- bosnia[bosnia$SEPRIORITY > bosnia$CRPRIORITY & bosnia$SEPRIORITY > bosnia$MOPRIORITY,]
croats <-  bosnia[bosnia$CRPRIORITY > bosnia$SEPRIORITY & bosnia$CRPRIORITY > bosnia$MOPRIORITY,]
moslems <- bosnia[bosnia$MOPRIORITY > bosnia$CRPRIORITY & bosnia$MOPRIORITY > bosnia$SEPRIORITY,]

p <- ggplot(bosnia, aes(x = long, y = lat, group = group)) + 
  geom_polygon(aes(x=long,y=lat,group=group), fill="white", colour="grey") +
  geom_polygon(data=serbs, aes(x=long,y=lat,group=group), fill="black", colour="grey") +
  geom_polygon(data=croats, aes(x=long,y=lat,group=group), fill="green", colour="grey") +
  geom_polygon(data=moslems, aes(x=long,y=lat,group=group), fill="red", colour="grey") +
  # Styling
  coord_map() +
  labs(x="Bosnia", y=" ") + 
  theme_bw() + 
  theme(panel.grid.minor=element_blank(), panel.grid.major=element_blank()) + 
  theme(axis.ticks = element_blank(), axis.text.x = element_blank(), axis.text.y = element_blank()) + 
  theme(panel.border = element_blank())

p

This gives me the following map:

解决方案

Ditch ggplot for base graphics. Although with only three groups I would have thought black, white and mid-grey would work okay.

require(sp)
require(rgdal)

bosnia = readOGR(".","bosnia_analysis")
proj4string(bosnia)=CRS("+init=epsg:4326")

Instead of splitting into 3 data sets, make a single new categorical variable from three TRUE/FALSES:

serbs = bosnia$SEPRIORITY > bosnia$CRPRIORITY & bosnia$SEPRIORITY > bosnia$MOPRIORITY
croats =  bosnia$CRPRIORITY > bosnia$SEPRIORITY & bosnia$CRPRIORITY > bosnia$MOPRIORITY
moslems = bosnia$MOPRIORITY > bosnia$CRPRIORITY & bosnia$MOPRIORITY > bosnia$SEPRIORITY

bosnia$group=NA
bosnia$group[serbs]="Serb"
bosnia$group[croats]="Croat"
bosnia$group[moslems]="Moslem"
bosnia$group=factor(bosnia$group)

Check nobody is in more than one category:

sum(serbs&&croats&&moslems) # should be zero

Now you can get a pretty coloured plot thus:

spplot(bosnia, "group")

But I can't see how to do that in different mono styles, so its back to base graphics:

plot(bosnia,density=c(5,10,15)[bosnia$group], angle=c(0,45,90)[bosnia$group])

Adjust parameters to taste. You can use legend to do a nice legend with the same parameters.

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