如何在ggplot2的图表的顶部和右侧添加刻度 [英] How do I add ticks to the top and right side of a graph in ggplot2

问题描述

在ggplot2的图表的顶部和右侧如何添加刻度？我试图满足一个图形的标准格式，并且已经有了很长的主题。

下面是我使用一些任意数据的例子：

  library（ggplot2）
 library（gridExtra）
 
x<  -  seq（1,10,1 ）
y < -  seq（1,100,10）
 y2 < -  seq（100,1，-10）
 df < -  data.frame（x，y，y2）
 
 theme_new<  -  function（base_size = 12）{theme（
 plot.title = element_text（vjust = 3，size = 16，family =serif），＃plot title attrib。 
 plot.margin = unit（c（8,4,8,4），lines），＃plot margin 
 panel.border = element_rect（color =black，fill = F）， ＃axis color = black 
 panel.grid.major = element_blank（），＃remove major grid 
 panel.grid.minor = element_blank（），＃remove minor grid 
 panel.background = element_rect （fill =white），＃背景颜色
 legend.background = element_rect（fill =white），＃背景颜色
＃legend.justification = c（0，0），＃锁定点为乐gend 
＃legend.position = c（0，1），＃将图例内置于绘图区域，使用=none关闭
 legend.key = element_blank（），＃关闭图例中的符号周围的矩形
 legend.title = element_blank（），＃关闭图例标题
 legend.text = element_text（size = 12），＃设置图例文本的属性
 axis.title.x = element_text（vjust = -2，size = 14，family =serif），＃改变轴标题
 axis.title.y = element_text（vjust = 1，angle = 90， size = 14，family =serif），＃改变轴标题
 axis.text.x = element_text（size = 12，vjust = -0.25，color =black，family =serif）， ＃更改轴标签字体属性
 axis.text.y = element_text（size = 12，hjust = 1，color =black，family =serif），＃更改轴标签字体属性$ b $ ＃axis.ticks = element_line（color =black，size = 0.5），＃设置轴刻度的厚度和颜色
 axis.ticks.length =单位（-0.25，cm），＃-ve长度=内部刻度
 axis.ticks.margin =单位（0.5，cm）＃刻度和文本之间的差值
）} 
 
 ggplot（）+ $ b $ （x = x，y = y，color ='Observed'））+ 
 geom_line（data = df，aes（x = x，y = y2，color ='Expected' ））+ 
 labs（x =X，y =Y）+ 
 theme_new（）
  

这产生了这种结果：

我需要的是这个（在这个例子中是在Illustrator中修改的）：

< img src =https://i.stack.imgur.com/jQ8JV.pngalt =plot example modified>

对此有任何帮助都非常感谢。

谢谢。

解决方案

  library（ggplot2）
 library（gtable）
 
p = ggplot（）+ 
 geom_line（data = df，aes（x = x，y = y，color ='观察'））+ 
 geom_line（data = df，aes（x = x，y = y2，color ='Expected '））+ 
 labs（x =X，y =Y）+ 
 theme_new（）
 
 
转换图为grob 
 gt<  -  ggplotGrob（p）
 
＃获取面板在布局
面板中的位置< -c（子集（gt $ layout，name ==）面板，se = t：r））
 
 ##对于底部轴
＃获取布局中底部轴的行号
 rn<  -  which（gt $ layout $ name ==axis-b）
 
＃提取轴（仅限刻度线）
 axis.grob<  -  gt $ grobs [[rn]] 
轴b<  -  axis.grob $ children [[2]]＃两个孩子 - 获得第二个
 axisb＃注意：两个grobs  - 刻度线和文本
 
＃获取刻度标记
 xaxis = axisb $ grobs [[1]]＃注意：首先勾选标记
 xaxis $ y = xaxis $ y  - 单位（0.25，cm）＃将它们置于面板内
 
＃向gt添加一个新行，并将修改后的xaxis grob插入到新行中。 
 gt < -  gtable_add_rows（gt，单元（0，lines），panel $ t-1）
 gt < -  gtable_add_grob（gt，xaxis，l = panel $ l，t = panel $ t，r = panel $ r，name =ticks）
 
 ##重复左轴
＃获取布局中左轴的行号
面板< -c（子集（gt $布局，名称==面板，se = t：r））
 rn<  - 其中（GT $ layout $ name ==axis-l）
 
＃提取轴（刻度线和轴文本）
 axis.grob<  -  gt $ grobs [[rn]] 
 axisl<  -  axis.grob $ children [ [2]]＃两个孩子 - 获得第二个
 axisl＃注意：两个grobs  - 文本和刻度标记
 
＃获取刻度标记
 yaxis = axisl $ grobs [[[ 2]]＃注意：第二个刻度线为
 yaxis $ x = yaxis $ x  - 单位（0.25，cm）＃将它们放置在面板内
 
＃添加一个新列到gt ，并将修改后的yaxis grob插入新列。 
 gt < -  gtable_add_cols（gt，单元（0，lines），panel $ r）
 gt < -  gtable_add_grob（gt，yaxis，t = panel $ t，l = panel $ r +1，name =ticks）
 
＃关闭
 gt $布局[gt $ layout $ name ==ticks，] $ clip =off
 
＃绘制
 grid.draw（gt）
  

How can ticks be added to the top and right side of a graph in ggplot2? I'm trying to meet a standard format for graphs and already have a lengthy theme.

Here is an example of what I have using some arbitrary data:

library (ggplot2)
library (gridExtra)

x <- seq(1,10,1)
y <- seq(1,100,10)
y2 <- seq(100,1,-10)
df <- data.frame(x,y,y2)

theme_new <-  function(base_size = 12){theme(
  plot.title = element_text (vjust = 3, size = 16,family="serif"), # plot title attrib.
  plot.margin = unit (c(8, 4, 8, 4), "lines"), # plot margins
  panel.border = element_rect (colour = "black", fill = F), # axis colour = black
  panel.grid.major = element_blank (), # remove major grid
  panel.grid.minor = element_blank (), # remove minor grid
  panel.background = element_rect (fill = "white"), # background colour
  legend.background = element_rect (fill = "white"), # background colour
  #legend.justification=c(0, 0), # lock point for legend
  #legend.position = c(0, 1), # put the legend INSIDE the plot area, use = "none" to turn off
  legend.key = element_blank (), # switch off the rectangle around symbols in the legend
  legend.title = element_blank (), # switch off the legend title
  legend.text = element_text (size = 12), # sets the attributes of the legend text
  axis.title.x = element_text (vjust = -2, size = 14,family="serif"), # change the axis title
  axis.title.y = element_text (vjust = 1, angle = 90, size = 14,family="serif"), # change the axis title
  axis.text.x = element_text (size = 12, vjust = -0.25, colour = "black",family="serif"),# change the axis label font attributes
  axis.text.y = element_text (size = 12, hjust = 1, colour = "black",family="serif"), # change the axis label font attributes
  axis.ticks = element_line (colour = "black", size = 0.5), # sets the thickness and colour of axis ticks
  axis.ticks.length = unit(-0.25 , "cm"), # -ve length = inside ticks
  axis.ticks.margin = unit(0.5, "cm") # margin between the ticks and the text
)}

ggplot() + 
        geom_line(data=df, aes(x=x, y=y, color='Observed')) + 
        geom_line(data=df, aes(x=x, y=y2, color='Expected')) + 
        labs(x="X", y="Y") + 
        theme_new()

Which produces this:

What I need is this (modified in Illustrator for this example):

Any help with this is greatly appreciated.

Thanks.

解决方案

library(ggplot2)
library(gtable)

p = ggplot() + 
        geom_line(data=df, aes(x=x, y=y, color='Observed')) + 
        geom_line(data=df, aes(x=x, y=y2, color='Expected')) + 
        labs(x="X", y="Y") + 
        theme_new()


# Convert the plot to a grob
gt <- ggplotGrob(p)

# Get the position of the panel in the layout
panel <-c(subset(gt$layout, name=="panel", se=t:r))

## For the bottom axis
# Get the row number of the bottom axis in the layout
rn <- which(gt$layout$name == "axis-b")

# Extract the axis (tick marks only)
axis.grob <- gt$grobs[[rn]]
axisb <- axis.grob$children[[2]]  # Two children - get the second
axisb  # Note: two grobs - tick marks and text

# Get the tick marks
xaxis = axisb$grobs[[1]]  # NOTE: tick marks first
xaxis$y = xaxis$y - unit(0.25, "cm")  # Position them inside the panel

# Add a new row to gt, and insert the revised xaxis grob into the new row.
gt <- gtable_add_rows(gt, unit(0, "lines"), panel$t-1)
gt <- gtable_add_grob(gt, xaxis, l = panel$l, t = panel$t, r = panel$r, name = "ticks")

## Repeat for the left axis
# Get the row number of the left axis in the layout
panel <-c(subset(gt$layout, name=="panel", se=t:r))
rn <- which(gt$layout$name == "axis-l")

# Extract the axis (tick marks and axis text)
axis.grob <- gt$grobs[[rn]]
axisl <- axis.grob$children[[2]]  # Two children - get the second
axisl  # Note: two grobs -  text and tick marks

# Get the tick marks
yaxis = axisl$grobs[[2]] # NOTE: tick marks second
yaxis$x = yaxis$x - unit(0.25, "cm") # Position them inside the panel

# Add a new column to gt, and insert the revised yaxis grob into the new column.
gt <- gtable_add_cols(gt, unit(0, "lines"), panel$r)
gt <- gtable_add_grob(gt, yaxis, t = panel$t, l = panel$r+1, name = "ticks")

# Turn clipping off
gt$layout[gt$layout$name == "ticks", ]$clip = "off"

# Draw it
grid.draw(gt)

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