Git：如何从历史提交中删除文件？ [英] Git: How to remove file from historical commit?

问题描述

我已经提交id 56f06019（例如）。在那个提交中我偶然提交了大文件（50Mb）。在另一个提交我添加相同的文件，但在正确的大小（小）。现在我的回购当我克隆是太重了:(如何从回购历史中删除该大文件，以减少我的回购大小？

解决方案

Pro Git 书的第9章有关于删除对象。

让我简单地概述这里的步骤：

  git filter-branch --index-filter \ 
'git rm --cached --ignore-unmatch path / to / mylarge_50mb_file'\ 
 --tag-name-filter cat  -  --all 
  

就像前面介绍的重新布局选项一样， filter-branch 是重写操作。必须 - force 推送新的参考。

$ b 过滤器分支方法比 rebase 方法强大得多，因为它

• 允许您一次处理所有分支/ ref，


• 可以重命名任何标签即使已添加文件


• 干净地运行，即使文件是（re），也可以干净地运行
  
• ）在（a）分支的历史记录中添加/删除了多次
  
• 不会创建新的，不相关的提交，而是在修改与它们关联的树时复制它们。这意味着像签名提交，提交注释等内容被保留。

filter-branch 还保留备份，所以回购的大小不会立即减少，除非您过期reflogs和垃圾回收：

  rm -Rf .git / refs / original＃谨慎
 git gc --aggressive --prune = now＃危险
  

I have commit with id 56f06019 (for example). In that commit i have accidentally commited large file (50Mb). In another commit i add the same file but in the right size (small). Now my repo when i clone is too heavy :( How to remove that large file from repo history to reduce the size of my repo ?

解决方案

Chapter 9 of the Pro Git book has a section on Removing Objects.

Let me outline the steps briefly here:

git filter-branch --index-filter \
    'git rm --cached --ignore-unmatch path/to/mylarge_50mb_file' \
    --tag-name-filter cat -- --all

Like the rebasing option described before, filter-branch is rewriting operation. If you have published history, you'll have to --force push the new refs.

The filter-branch approach is considerably more powerful than the rebase approach, since it

• allows you to work on all branches/refs at once,
• renames any tags on the fly
• operates cleanly even if there have been several merge commits since the addition of the file
• operates cleanly even if the file was (re)added/removed several times in the history of (a) branch(es)
• doesn't create new, unrelated commits, but rather copies them while modifying the trees associated with them. This means that stuff like signed commits, commit notes etc. are preserved

filter-branch keeps backups too, so the size of the repo won't decrease immediately unless you expire the reflogs and garbage collect:

rm -Rf .git/refs/original       # careful
git gc --aggressive --prune=now # danger

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