如何以编程方式确定是否存在未提交的更改？ [英] How do I programmatically determine if there are uncommitted changes?

问题描述

在Makefile中，如果有未提交的更改（在工作树或索引中），我想执行某些操作。最干净和最有效的方法是什么？一个返回值为零的命令在一个情况下退出，而另一个情况下非零的命令将适合我的目的。

In a Makefile, I'd like to perform certain actions if there are uncommitted changes (either in the working tree or the index). What's the cleanest and most efficient way to do that? A command that exits with a return value of zero in one case and non-zero in the other would suit my purposes.

我可以运行 git状态，并通过 grep 管道输出，但我觉得必须有更好的方法。

I can run git status and pipe the output through grep, but I feel like there must be a better way.

推荐答案

更新：OP Daniel Stutzbach 在评论中指出 ，这个简单的命令 git diff-index


UPDATE: the OP Daniel Stutzbach points out in the comments that this simple command git diff-index worked for him:

git diff-index --quiet HEAD --

然后您就可以看到如何检查命令是否成功？如果您在bash脚本中使用它：

You can then see "How to check if a command succeeded?" if you are using it in a bash script:

git diff-index --quiet HEAD -- || echo "untracked"; // do something about it

注意：as 评论由 Anthony Sottile

git diff-index HEAD ... 会在没有提交的分支上失败（例如新初始化的存储库）。

我找到的一个解决方法是 git diff-index $ （git write-tree）...

git diff-index HEAD ... will fail on a branch which has no commits (such as a newly initialized repository).
One workaround I've found is git diff-index $(git write-tree) ...

---

以编程方式意味着永远不要依赖瓷器命令 。

始终依靠管道命令 。

---

"Programmatically" means never ever rely on porcelain commands.
Always rely on plumbing commands.

另请参阅使用Git检查脏指数或未跟踪的文件 替代品（如 git status --porcelain ）

See also "Checking for a dirty index or untracked files with Git" for alternatives (like git status --porcelain)

您可以从中获得灵感来自新的 require_clean_work_tree 功能，其中（2010年10月初）

You can take inspiration from the new "require_clean_work_tree function" which is written as we speak ;) (early October 2010)

require_clean_work_tree () {
    # Update the index
    git update-index -q --ignore-submodules --refresh
    err=0

    # Disallow unstaged changes in the working tree
    if ! git diff-files --quiet --ignore-submodules --
    then
        echo >&2 "cannot $1: you have unstaged changes."
        git diff-files --name-status -r --ignore-submodules -- >&2
        err=1
    fi

    # Disallow uncommitted changes in the index
    if ! git diff-index --cached --quiet HEAD --ignore-submodules --
    then
        echo >&2 "cannot $1: your index contains uncommitted changes."
        git diff-index --cached --name-status -r --ignore-submodules HEAD -- >&2
        err=1
    fi

    if [ $err = 1 ]
    then
        echo >&2 "Please commit or stash them."
        exit 1
    fi
}

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