不忽略子目录中的文件？ [英] Not ignore a file in a sub directory?

问题描述

我有以下 .gitignore 文件

  *。pyc 
 
 project / app / dist / * 
 project / bin / * 
项目/ etc / * 
项目/ var / * 
 
 ！README.txt 
  

到目前为止，我的大多数 README.txt 文件不会被忽略，就像我希望除 project / ect / downloads / README.txt 一样。该文件被忽略。为什么是这样？我怎样才能解决这个问题？

如果我没有记错，我可以简单地将它添加到我的项目中，但我想知道我在做什么不正确忽略文件。

解决方案

Git不会搜索项目/ etc / downloads / 对于任何文件，因为您已将其配置为忽略项目/ etc / * 。 unanchored！README.txt 模式仅适用于否定排除将要搜索的目录中的条目（即，本身未被排除的目录）。 p>

如果你排除项目/ etc / ，Git将永远不会搜索该目录，所以否定排除不能应用于其内容（甚至没有一个像！project / etc / important-file 这样明确的！ - 也许这可能被认为是一个错误？）。
$ b但是，如果排除项目/ etc / * ，Git将搜索该目录，否定排除可应用于其内容。一个人可能会意识到，第二种模式将始终匹配所有文件并为这两种模式分配相同的含义，但Git，但Git会以不同的方式处理它们。您可能会考虑项目/ etc / 和项目/ etc / * 意味着同样的事情，但Git以不同的方式对待它们，因为它没有意识到第二个匹配目录中的所有内容。

因此，要获取！README.txt 要在项目/ etc / downloads / 中应用，您必须取消管理该目录，但在！README 之前忽略其内容，模式：

 项目/ etc / * 
 
＃unignore，但忽略 project / etc / downloads / * 
 $ b $项目/ etc / downloads 
＃这样后续的否定模式可以应用于直接的内容
！project / etc / downloads / 
项目/ etc / downloads / * 
 
！README.txt 
  

I have the following .gitignore file

*.pyc

project/app/dist/*
project/bin/*
project/etc/*
project/var/*

!README.txt

So far so good, most of my README.txt files are not being ignored, just like I want it to happen except for project/ect/downloads/README.txt. That file, is being ignored. Why is this? And How can I fix this?

If I remember correctly, I can simply add it to my project manually, but I'd like to learn what I am doing incorrectly in ignoring the file.

解决方案

Git will not search project/etc/downloads/ for any files because you have configured it to ignore project/etc/*. The "unanchored" !README.txt pattern is only good for negating the exclusion of entries in directories that will be searched (i.e. directories that have not themselves been excluded).

If you exclude project/etc/, Git will never search that directory, so negated exclusions can never apply to its contents (not even one so explicit as !project/etc/important-file!—maybe this could be considered a bug?).

However, if you exclude project/etc/*, Git will search that directory, and negated exclusions can apply to its contents. A person might realize that the second pattern will always match all files and assign the same meaning to both patterns, but Git, but Git treats them differently.

You might consider project/etc/ and project/etc/* to mean the same thing, but Git treats them differently because it does not "realize" that the second one will match everything in the directory.

So, to get !README.txt to apply in projects/etc/downloads/ you will have to unignore the directory but ignore its contents before the !README pattern:

project/etc/*

# "unignore, but ignore the immediate contents of" project/etc/downloads
# so that subsequent negated patterns can apply to the immediate contents
!project/etc/downloads/
project/etc/downloads/*

!README.txt

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